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fire retardant chemicals
Aluminum Diethylphosphinate (AlDEP / DEPAL)
CAS: 225789-38-8
Aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlDEP, also known as DEPAL) is a high-efficiency, halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardant specifically designed for glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide (PA6, PA66) and polyester (PBT, PET) compounds. It acts in both the gas phase (via diethylphosphinic acid release) and the condensed phase (via char promotion), achieving UL94 V-0 at 10–20% loading in GF-PA systems. AlDEP is the benchmark halogen-free FR for the electrical and electronics (E&E) industry in engineering thermoplastics.
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Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH) Flame Retardant
CAS: 21645-51-2
Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) is the world's highest-volume inorganic flame retardant and smoke suppressant, functioning by endothermic decomposition that absorbs heat and releases water vapor to dilute combustible gases. It provides simultaneous flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and halogen-free compliance, making it the preferred choice for wire and cable insulation, thermosetting resins, and rubber compounds. ATH is available in a range of particle sizes and surface treatments to suit specific polymer matrices.
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Aluminum Phosphate (AlPO4) Ceramic Flame Retardant
CAS: 7784-30-7
Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) is an inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant filler that promotes ceramicization of polymers at high fire temperatures, forming a rigid aluminum phosphate ceramic layer that provides structural integrity and thermal barrier protection. This ceramicization mechanism is particularly effective in cable compounds, where maintaining circuit integrity during fire is critical. AlPO4 is used in combination with other inorganic FR additives such as ATH, MDH, and zinc borate in halogen-free cable compounds targeting IEC 60331 fire-resistance performance.
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Ammonium Phosphate Monobasic (Flame Retardant Grade)
CAS: 7722-76-1
Ammonium phosphate monobasic (MAP) flame retardant grade is an inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen compound used in fire-retardant treatments for cellulosic materials, wood, and paper. It acts by forming a phosphate ester with cellulose hydroxyl groups upon heating, catalyzing dehydration and char formation rather than volatile flammable pyrolysis products. MAP is a key component in aqueous fire-retardant impregnation solutions and intumescent coatings.
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Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) Phase I
CAS: 68333-79-9
Ammonium polyphosphate Phase I (APP I) is a lower-polymerization-degree, water-soluble intumescent flame retardant suited for textile backcoating, paper treatment, and aqueous formulations. With a polymerization degree of approximately 10–100, it dissolves readily in water, enabling straightforward incorporation into waterborne systems. APP I releases phosphoric acid and ammonia upon heating, creating an efficient char-forming mechanism for cellulosic substrates.
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Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) Phase II
CAS: 68333-79-9
Ammonium polyphosphate Phase II (APP II) is a high-degree-of-polymerization, water-insoluble intumescent flame retardant widely used in coatings, adhesives, and polymer systems. With a polymerization degree exceeding 1000, it delivers superior humidity resistance and long-term durability compared to Phase I grades. APP II acts simultaneously as an acid source and blowing agent in intumescent systems, forming a protective char layer that suppresses flame spread.
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Antimony Pentoxide (ATO) Nanoparticle Synergist
CAS: 1314-60-9
Antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5, ATO) is a halogen synergist available as a colloidal nanoparticle dispersion or micronized powder, used to enhance the effectiveness of brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in transparent films, PET, and textile coatings. Its nanoparticle form allows incorporation without significant hazing in transparent applications where coarser Sb2O3 would impair optical clarity. ATO colloidal dispersions are particularly used in transparent PET film, textile back-coatings, and paper coatings requiring halogen FR synergism.
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Antimony Trioxide (Sb2O3) Flame Retardant Synergist
CAS: 1309-64-4
Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) is the dominant inorganic synergist used in combination with halogenated flame retardants to dramatically enhance their effectiveness. In the gas phase, it reacts with HBr/HCl from decomposing halogen FRs to form antimony halides and oxyhalides that are highly effective radical chain scavengers. A typical 3:1 (halogen FR : Sb2O3) loading synergistically achieves UL94 V-0 ratings that neither component could reach alone. Sb2O3 is essential in PVC, HIPS, ABS, polyester, and rubber compounds using brominated or chlorinated FRs.
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Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP)
CAS: 26040-51-7
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) is a liquid brominated FR plasticizer used in flexible PVC, polyurethane foams, and textile coatings where simultaneous flame retardancy and flexibility are required. Its liquid form and compatibility with PVC and polyurethane make it easy to incorporate without additional processing steps. BEH-TEBP provides moderate flame retardancy supplemented by antimony oxide synergist and is valued for its dual function as a plasticizer-flame retardant.
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Bis(neopentyl glycol) Phosphonate Flame Retardant
CAS: 5301-78-0
Bis(neopentyl glycol) phosphonate is a cyclic organophosphorus flame retardant known for its high phosphorus content, low volatility, and excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability. Its bicyclic structure restricts conformational flexibility, imparting outstanding resistance to hydrolysis under humid conditions. It is used as an additive or reactive flame retardant in polyurethanes, coatings, and cellulosic substrate treatments where long-term performance is required.
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Bisphenol A Bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP)
CAS: 181028-79-5
Bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) is a halogen-free, high-molecular-weight aryl phosphate oligomer flame retardant designed for engineering thermoplastics requiring heat resistance and flame retardancy. BDP has lower volatility and plasticization effect than RDP, making it preferred in high-heat PC-rich blends, PPO/HIPS alloys, and PBT/PC systems. Its aromatic backbone stabilizes the polymer under continuous service at elevated temperatures while providing UL94 V-0 performance.
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Boron Phosphate (BPO4) Flame Retardant Synergist
CAS: 13308-51-5
Boron phosphate (BPO4) is a high-temperature-stable inorganic flame retardant synergist that combines the char-forming and vitrifying properties of boron with the acid-source activity of phosphate. At fire temperatures, BPO4 decomposes to form a boron-phosphorus oxide glass that acts as a viscous barrier coating over the polymer surface, suppressing fuel release and combustion. It is used in high-temperature ceramic-forming cable systems, specialty coatings, and as a co-synergist with aluminum phosphate or zinc borate in demanding fire-resistance applications.
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