Fire Retardant Chemicals

fire retardant chemicals

Aluminum Diethylphosphinate (AlDEP / DEPAL)

CAS: 225789-38-8

Aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlDEP, also known as DEPAL) is a high-efficiency, halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardant specifically designed for glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide (PA6, PA66) and polyester (PBT, PET) compounds. It acts in both the gas phase (via diethylphosphinic acid release) and the condensed phase (via char promotion), achieving UL94 V-0 at 10–20% loading in GF-PA systems. AlDEP is the benchmark halogen-free FR for the electrical and electronics (E&E) industry in engineering thermoplastics.

fire retardant chemicals

Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH) Flame Retardant

CAS: 21645-51-2

Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) is the world's highest-volume inorganic flame retardant and smoke suppressant, functioning by endothermic decomposition that absorbs heat and releases water vapor to dilute combustible gases. It provides simultaneous flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and halogen-free compliance, making it the preferred choice for wire and cable insulation, thermosetting resins, and rubber compounds. ATH is available in a range of particle sizes and surface treatments to suit specific polymer matrices.

fire retardant chemicals

Aluminum Phosphate (AlPO4) Ceramic Flame Retardant

CAS: 7784-30-7

Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) is an inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant filler that promotes ceramicization of polymers at high fire temperatures, forming a rigid aluminum phosphate ceramic layer that provides structural integrity and thermal barrier protection. This ceramicization mechanism is particularly effective in cable compounds, where maintaining circuit integrity during fire is critical. AlPO4 is used in combination with other inorganic FR additives such as ATH, MDH, and zinc borate in halogen-free cable compounds targeting IEC 60331 fire-resistance performance.

fire retardant chemicals

Ammonium Phosphate Monobasic (Flame Retardant Grade)

CAS: 7722-76-1

Ammonium phosphate monobasic (MAP) flame retardant grade is an inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen compound used in fire-retardant treatments for cellulosic materials, wood, and paper. It acts by forming a phosphate ester with cellulose hydroxyl groups upon heating, catalyzing dehydration and char formation rather than volatile flammable pyrolysis products. MAP is a key component in aqueous fire-retardant impregnation solutions and intumescent coatings.

fire retardant chemicals

Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) Phase I

CAS: 68333-79-9

Ammonium polyphosphate Phase I (APP I) is a lower-polymerization-degree, water-soluble intumescent flame retardant suited for textile backcoating, paper treatment, and aqueous formulations. With a polymerization degree of approximately 10–100, it dissolves readily in water, enabling straightforward incorporation into waterborne systems. APP I releases phosphoric acid and ammonia upon heating, creating an efficient char-forming mechanism for cellulosic substrates.

fire retardant chemicals

Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) Phase II

CAS: 68333-79-9

Ammonium polyphosphate Phase II (APP II) is a high-degree-of-polymerization, water-insoluble intumescent flame retardant widely used in coatings, adhesives, and polymer systems. With a polymerization degree exceeding 1000, it delivers superior humidity resistance and long-term durability compared to Phase I grades. APP II acts simultaneously as an acid source and blowing agent in intumescent systems, forming a protective char layer that suppresses flame spread.

fire retardant chemicals

Antimony Pentoxide (ATO) Nanoparticle Synergist

CAS: 1314-60-9

Antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5, ATO) is a halogen synergist available as a colloidal nanoparticle dispersion or micronized powder, used to enhance the effectiveness of brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in transparent films, PET, and textile coatings. Its nanoparticle form allows incorporation without significant hazing in transparent applications where coarser Sb2O3 would impair optical clarity. ATO colloidal dispersions are particularly used in transparent PET film, textile back-coatings, and paper coatings requiring halogen FR synergism.

fire retardant chemicals

Antimony Trioxide (Sb2O3) Flame Retardant Synergist

CAS: 1309-64-4

Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) is the dominant inorganic synergist used in combination with halogenated flame retardants to dramatically enhance their effectiveness. In the gas phase, it reacts with HBr/HCl from decomposing halogen FRs to form antimony halides and oxyhalides that are highly effective radical chain scavengers. A typical 3:1 (halogen FR : Sb2O3) loading synergistically achieves UL94 V-0 ratings that neither component could reach alone. Sb2O3 is essential in PVC, HIPS, ABS, polyester, and rubber compounds using brominated or chlorinated FRs.

fire retardant chemicals

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP)

CAS: 26040-51-7

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) is a liquid brominated FR plasticizer used in flexible PVC, polyurethane foams, and textile coatings where simultaneous flame retardancy and flexibility are required. Its liquid form and compatibility with PVC and polyurethane make it easy to incorporate without additional processing steps. BEH-TEBP provides moderate flame retardancy supplemented by antimony oxide synergist and is valued for its dual function as a plasticizer-flame retardant.

fire retardant chemicals

Bis(neopentyl glycol) Phosphonate Flame Retardant

CAS: 5301-78-0

Bis(neopentyl glycol) phosphonate is a cyclic organophosphorus flame retardant known for its high phosphorus content, low volatility, and excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability. Its bicyclic structure restricts conformational flexibility, imparting outstanding resistance to hydrolysis under humid conditions. It is used as an additive or reactive flame retardant in polyurethanes, coatings, and cellulosic substrate treatments where long-term performance is required.

fire retardant chemicals

Bisphenol A Bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP)

CAS: 181028-79-5

Bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) is a halogen-free, high-molecular-weight aryl phosphate oligomer flame retardant designed for engineering thermoplastics requiring heat resistance and flame retardancy. BDP has lower volatility and plasticization effect than RDP, making it preferred in high-heat PC-rich blends, PPO/HIPS alloys, and PBT/PC systems. Its aromatic backbone stabilizes the polymer under continuous service at elevated temperatures while providing UL94 V-0 performance.

fire retardant chemicals

Boron Phosphate (BPO4) Flame Retardant Synergist

CAS: 13308-51-5

Boron phosphate (BPO4) is a high-temperature-stable inorganic flame retardant synergist that combines the char-forming and vitrifying properties of boron with the acid-source activity of phosphate. At fire temperatures, BPO4 decomposes to form a boron-phosphorus oxide glass that acts as a viscous barrier coating over the polymer surface, suppressing fuel release and combustion. It is used in high-temperature ceramic-forming cable systems, specialty coatings, and as a co-synergist with aluminum phosphate or zinc borate in demanding fire-resistance applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Brominated Epoxy Resin Flame Retardant

CAS: 68928-70-1

Brominated epoxy resin (BER) is a high-bromine-content reactive and additive flame retardant used in epoxy laminates, adhesives, and thermoplastics. Based on brominated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether oligomers, it integrates into the epoxy cure cycle, providing durable, non-migratory flame retardancy. BER is widely used in PCB epoxy systems, HIPS, and polyester as either a reactive component (with epoxy systems) or an additive (with thermoplastics), offering an intermediate approach between fully reactive TBBPA and additive halogen FRs.

fire retardant chemicals

Cresyl Diphenyl Phosphate (CDP)

CAS: 26444-49-5

Cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP) is an aryl phosphate ester flame retardant and plasticizer offering a balance between the plasticizing efficiency of alkyl phosphates and the thermal stability of fully aryl phosphates. It is used in flexible PVC, polyurethane, and cellulose ester compounds where a secondary plasticizer with FR properties is needed. CDP's mixed aryl structure provides lower viscosity than tricresyl phosphate while maintaining good hydrolytic stability and thermal performance.

fire retardant chemicals

Cyclic Phosphonate Flame Retardant

Cyclic phosphonate flame retardant is a class of organophosphorus compounds featuring a cyclic backbone structure that provides enhanced thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance compared to linear phosphonate esters. These compounds act in both the condensed and gas phase, promoting char formation while releasing phosphorus radical species that interrupt combustion chain reactions. They are valued in waterborne coatings and textile finishing for their low volatility and compatibility.

fire retardant chemicals

DOPO (9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide)

CAS: 35455-29-9

DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide) is the key reactive phosphorus intermediate used to synthesize a broad family of halogen-free flame retardants for epoxy resins, polyesters, and vinyl ester resins. Its reactive P–H bond allows covalent incorporation into epoxy hardeners, novolacs, and vinyl ester backbones, providing permanent non-leachable flame retardancy. DOPO-based FR systems are the dominant approach in halogen-free printed circuit board (PCB) and copper clad laminate (CCL) manufacturing.

fire retardant chemicals

DOPO (9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide)

CAS: 35455-29-9

DOPO is a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant widely used as a building block for halogen-free fire-retardant polymers and epoxy systems. Its P–H active group allows covalent bonding into epoxy resins, polyesters, and polyurethanes, providing durable flame retardancy without migration or leaching. DOPO-based systems meet stringent UL 94 V-0 ratings in printed circuit boards and electronic encapsulants.

fire retardant chemicals

DOPO-HQ (2-(6-Oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)hydroquinone)

CAS: 98006-68-5

DOPO-HQ is a solid, reactive halogen-free flame retardant derived from the addition of DOPO to benzoquinone, offering two reactive hydroxyl groups for covalent incorporation into epoxy resin networks as a co-curing agent. It provides excellent flame retardancy at low phosphorus loadings (0.8–1.5% P content in cured system) while maintaining high glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability required for high-reliability PCB laminates. DOPO-HQ is widely specified in Halogen-Free CCL products meeting IEC 61249-2-21 and IPC-4101E standards.

fire retardant chemicals

Decabromodiphenyl Ethane (DBDPE)

CAS: 84852-53-9

Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a high-bromine-content additive flame retardant used as a replacement for decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) in plastics and textiles. Containing approximately 82% bromine, it provides excellent flame retardancy through halogen radical chain-interruption in the gas phase. DBDPE exhibits superior thermal stability and UV resistance compared to DecaBDE, making it suitable for demanding engineering plastic applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Decabromodiphenyl Ether (Deca-BDE)

CAS: 1163-19-5

Decabromodiphenyl ether (Deca-BDE) is a highly brominated additive flame retardant with 83.3% bromine content, historically one of the most widely used halogenated FRs in high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), ABS, and nylon. It functions primarily in the gas phase by releasing HBr radicals that interrupt combustion chain reactions. Note: Deca-BDE is restricted under EU REACH SVHC and listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; buyers must verify applicable regional regulatory status before procurement.

fire retardant chemicals

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) Flame Retardant

CAS: 7783-28-0

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is a water-soluble, nitrogen–phosphorus flame retardant used for fire retarding cellulosic materials including wood, cotton, paper, and agricultural residues. It decomposes on heating to yield phosphoric acid and ammonia, creating an effective char-promoting and gas-diluting fire suppression mechanism. DAP is particularly valued in fire-retardant wood treatment, paper manufacturing, and as a component of dry chemical fire-fighting powders.

fire retardant chemicals

Diammonium Phosphate (Flame Retardant Grade)

CAS: 7783-28-0

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) flame retardant grade is an inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen salt widely used in fire-retardant treatments for wood, paper, and agricultural biomass. Its higher nitrogen content and alkaline decomposition characteristics complement monobasic ammonium phosphate in blended fire-retardant formulations. DAP releases ammonia and phosphoric acid upon heating, forming a phosphate ester char layer that retards pyrolysis and reduces flame spread.

fire retardant chemicals

Diethyl Ethylphosphonate (DEEP)

CAS: 78-38-6

Diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) is an organophosphonate liquid flame retardant and reactive diluent used in polyurethane foam and epoxy systems. Its phosphonate structure (P–C bond) provides superior hydrolytic stability over phosphate esters (P–O–C bond), making it particularly suitable for applications requiring long-term durability in humid environments. DEEP is valued for its low viscosity, good compatibility with polyols, and ability to function as both a physical FR additive and a reactive component in foam formulation.

fire retardant chemicals

Dimethyl Methylphosphonate (DMMP)

CAS: 756-79-6

Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is a highly efficient, water-miscible organophosphonate flame retardant used primarily in rigid polyurethane foam systems and as a fire suppression fluid component. With a phosphorus content of 25%, it delivers one of the highest phosphorus efficiencies among liquid phosphorus FR additives. DMMP acts predominantly in the gas phase, inhibiting radical chain reactions in the flame front, and is also used as a chemical warfare agent simulant in research and defense applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Dimethyl n-Propylphosphonate (DMPP)

CAS: 18755-43-6

Dimethyl n-propylphosphonate (DMPP) is an organophosphonate flame retardant with superior hydrolytic stability over phosphate esters, used in polyurethane foam, epoxy resins, and coatings. The phosphonate P–C bond resists hydrolysis in humid environments, making it valuable for applications requiring long-term FR durability. DMPP provides primarily gas-phase flame inhibition through phosphorus radical scavenging, and its miscibility with polyols makes it easy to incorporate into two-component polyurethane systems without additional solvent.

fire retardant chemicals

Dipentaerythritol (DiPER) High-Char Flame Retardant

CAS: 126-58-9

Dipentaerythritol (DiPER) is a hexafunctional polyol carbon source used in intumescent flame retardant systems where higher char yields and improved char stability versus mono-pentaerythritol are required. The additional hydroxyl groups and higher molecular weight of DiPER produce a more cross-linked, mechanically robust char that better resists slumping and cracking under fire conditions. DiPER is preferred in high-specification structural steel coatings requiring extended fire resistance periods (90–120 minutes) and thick-film intumescent systems.

fire retardant chemicals

Ethylene Bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (EBTBPI / BT-93)

CAS: 32588-76-4

Ethylene bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (EBTBPI, trade name BT-93) is a thermally stable, high-bromine-content additive flame retardant specifically designed for high-temperature engineering thermoplastics including polyamide, PBT, PET, and polypropylene. Its imide structure provides exceptional thermal stability up to 370 °C, preventing decomposition during high-temperature polymer processing and reducing corrosive HBr off-gassing during manufacture. EBTBPI is a preferred choice for high-performance glass-fiber-reinforced PA66 compounds in demanding automotive and electrical applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Expandable Graphite Flame Retardant

CAS: 1034343-98-0

Expandable graphite (EG) is an intercalated graphite compound that undergoes rapid intumescent expansion (50–300x) when heated above 200 °C, forming an insulating worm-like char that physically blocks heat and flame from reaching the underlying material. It is widely used in polyurethane foam, intumescent coatings, sealants, and rubber as a highly effective non-halogen flame retardant. EG is particularly valued for its mechanical intumescent action independent of chemical char-forming reactions, providing reliable fire protection even in non-charring polymers.

fire retardant chemicals

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)

CAS: 25637-99-4

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is an additive cycloaliphatic brominated flame retardant historically used in expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation boards in the construction sector, as well as textile back-coatings. It provides effective flame retardancy at low loadings (0.5–1.5%) in polystyrene foam. Note: HBCD is listed as a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) under the Stockholm Convention and is restricted or banned in the EU, USA, and many other jurisdictions; buyers must verify local regulations before procurement.

fire retardant chemicals

Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (SPB-100)

CAS: 1184-10-7

Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (commonly known as SPB-100) is a halogen-free, thermally stable cyclic phosphazene flame retardant featuring an inorganic P–N backbone that provides exceptional thermal stability up to 270 °C. It is particularly suited for high-performance engineering plastics including polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide (PPO), and polyamide, where processing temperatures and end-use thermal demands are stringent. The compound acts through both gas-phase inhibition and condensed-phase char promotion, delivering outstanding flame retardancy with minimal impact on transparency and mechanical properties.

fire retardant chemicals

Intumescent Char-Forming Polyol

Intumescent char-forming polyol is a specialized multi-hydroxyl compound designed as the carbon source in intumescent flame retardant (IFR) systems. When combined with an acid source (APP) and a blowing agent (melamine), it undergoes rapid esterification and foaming upon flame exposure, forming a thick, stable, insulating char barrier that protects the underlying substrate. It offers improved char yield and char integrity compared to conventional pentaerythritol.

fire retardant chemicals

Isopropylated Triphenyl Phosphate (IPPP / Reofos 65)

CAS: 26967-76-0

Isopropylated triphenyl phosphate (IPPP) is a liquid aryl phosphate ester flame retardant and plasticizer used in flexible PVC, polyurethane foams, and rubber. Its isopropyl-substituted aryl structure delivers improved thermal stability, hydrolytic stability, and lower volatility compared to unsubstituted triphenyl phosphate, while retaining comparable phosphorus content and FR effectiveness. IPPP is widely used in flexible PVC wire and cable jacketing, PU foam, and vinyl coatings where both plasticization and flame retardancy are needed in a single additive.

fire retardant chemicals

Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH) Flame Retardant

CAS: 1309-42-8

Magnesium hydroxide (MDH) is an inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant and smoke suppressant that decomposes endothermically at 300–320 °C, releasing water and forming a stable magnesium oxide char layer. Its higher decomposition temperature compared to ATH makes it suitable for engineering thermoplastics processed above 200 °C, including polyamides, polypropylene, and XLPE. MDH is widely used in high-temperature cable insulation, automotive parts, and construction materials requiring UL94 and IEC 60332 compliance.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine (Flame Retardant Grade)

CAS: 108-78-1

Melamine flame retardant grade is a nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compound used as a blowing agent and gas-phase flame retardant in intumescent and halogen-free fire-retardant systems. It endothermically decomposes above 300°C, releasing inert gases (NH3, N2) that dilute oxygen and suppress combustion. Melamine is a key component in IFR (intumescent flame retardant) formulations alongside ammonium polyphosphate and polyols.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine (Gas Source) Flame Retardant / IFR Blowing Agent

CAS: 108-78-1

Melamine is the standard gas source (blowing agent) component in the classic APP/PER/MEL ternary intumescent flame retardant system used in structural steel fireproofing coatings, halogen-free polyolefin FR compounds, and passive fire protection products. Upon decomposition at 250–300 °C, melamine releases large volumes of NH3 and CO2 that inflate the char formed by the acid source/carbon source reaction, creating a thick insulating foam layer. The high nitrogen content (66.6%) also contributes to gas-phase flame inhibition.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine Cyanurate (MCA)

CAS: 37640-57-6

Melamine cyanurate (MCA) is a halogen-free, nitrogen-based flame retardant specifically optimized for unreinforced polyamide (nylon) systems, where it achieves UL94 V-0 classification at 8–15% loading. The compound functions by releasing inert gases (NH3, CO2) that dilute the combustion atmosphere and by promoting melt dripping that carries burning material away from ignition sources. MCA offers excellent compatibility with PA6 and PA66 without significant degradation of mechanical properties.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine Cyanurate MC-15 (Ultra-Fine, D50 ≤2μm)

CAS: 37640-57-6

MC-15 is an ultra-fine grade of Melamine Cyanurate (MCA), a halogen-free, nitrogen-based additive flame retardant with D50 ≤2μm and D98 ≤6μm. The exceptionally fine particle size delivers superior dispersion in polymer matrices including PA, PE, unsaturated polyester (UPR), silicone rubber, and epoxy resin systems. MCA is a supramolecular complex formed by melamine and cyanuric acid through hydrogen bonding (C3H6N6·C3H3N3O3). Its flame-retardant action is multi-mechanism: endothermic decomposition absorbs combustion heat, sublimation of melamine further cools the system, decomposition gases dilute flammable volatiles and oxygen, and the generation of cyanuric acid in the condensed phase ensures anti-drip performance. MC-15 achieves UL 94 V-0 at 1.6 mm in unreinforced PA6 at 12–14% loading and in PA66 at 10–12% loading. ROHS and EU REACH registered.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine Cyanurate MC-25 (Fine Grade, D50 ≤4μm)

CAS: 37640-57-6

MC-25 is the standard fine-powder grade of Melamine Cyanurate (MCA), a halogen-free nitrogen-based additive flame retardant with D50 ≤4μm and D98 ≤8μm. Rated "exceptionally good" dispersibility, it is the most widely used grade in the MCA product line and the benchmark for PA6, PA66, PBT, unsaturated polyester (UPR), and silicone rubber applications. MCA (C3H6N6·C3H3N3O3) is a supramolecular hydrogen-bonded complex of melamine and cyanuric acid. It provides flame retardancy through endothermic decomposition, melamine sublimation (gas-phase dilution), and anti-drip behavior generated by cyanuric acid in the condensed phase. MC-25 achieves UL 94 V-0 at 1.6 mm in unreinforced PA6 at 12–14% loading and PA66 at 10–12% loading. Manufactured with very low melamine residue (≤0.01%) to minimize die buildup and surface bloom. ROHS and EU REACH registered.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine Cyanurate MC-50 (Medium Grade, D50 ≤15μm)

CAS: 37640-57-6

MC-50 is a medium particle size grade of Melamine Cyanurate (MCA) with D50 ≤15μm and D98 ≤50μm, specifically optimized for PA6 and PA66 filled (glass fiber reinforced or mineral-filled) flame-retardant compounds. The larger particle size versus fine grades reduces system viscosity during compounding, improves throughput, and is particularly well suited to GF-PA systems where ultra-fine particles can cause excessive viscosity or fiber breakage. MCA (C3H6N6·C3H3N3O3) provides halogen-free flame retardancy through endothermic decomposition, gas-phase dilution by melamine sublimation, and anti-drip action from cyanuric acid in the condensed phase. Purity ≥99.5% with very low melamine residue (≤0.01%) minimizes die buildup and bloom. High thermal stability (1% decomposition ≥310°C) ensures minimal degradation during high-temperature GF-PA66 compounding. ROHS and EU REACH registered.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine Cyanurate MC-G (Granular, 0.6–3mm)

CAS: 37640-57-6

MC-G is the granular grade of Melamine Cyanurate (MCA), offering the same halogen-free flame-retardant performance as MC-25 fine powder in a 0.6–3 mm granular form. The granular format dramatically reduces dust generation during handling and compounding, improving workplace safety and operator comfort. Bulk density ≥0.6 g/cm³ (twice that of powder grades) improves volumetric feeding accuracy and reduces hopper bridging. MC-G is specifically designed for older vertical-feed granulation equipment where fine powders cause feeding inconsistencies or die-face contamination. It delivers equivalent flame-retardant efficacy to MC-25 while offering significantly easier material handling. Applications include PA6, PA66, and PBT engineering plastic FR compounds. Achieves UL 94 V-0 at 1.6 mm in PA6 at 12–14% loading and PA66 at 10–12% loading. ROHS and EU REACH registered.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine Polyphosphate (MPP)

CAS: 218768-84-4

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a halogen-free, nitrogen–phosphorus synergistic flame retardant offering excellent thermal stability up to 320 °C, making it particularly suitable for high-processing-temperature engineering plastics. It functions by releasing non-combustible gases and promoting char formation simultaneously, providing both gas-phase and condensed-phase fire suppression. MPP is a preferred alternative to older melamine derivatives in glass-fiber-reinforced PA6 and PA66 systems.

fire retardant chemicals

Melamine Pyrophosphate

CAS: 15541-60-3

Melamine pyrophosphate is a nitrogen–phosphorus synergistic flame retardant combining the char-promoting action of phosphate with the gas-diluting effect of melamine decomposition. It exhibits superior thermal stability compared to melamine orthophosphate and is suitable for mid-to-high temperature polymer processing. The compound is widely used in intumescent coatings and polyolefin systems, providing effective fire protection through both condensed-phase char and gas-phase suppression mechanisms.

fire retardant chemicals

Microencapsulated Red Phosphorus Flame Retardant

CAS: 7723-14-0

Microencapsulated red phosphorus is a highly efficient halogen-free phosphorus flame retardant with an extremely high active phosphorus content (85–92%), allowing very low loading levels to achieve UL94 V-0 ratings in polyamides and epoxy systems. The proprietary microencapsulation (typically melamine-formaldehyde or phenolic resin shell) resolves the handling, moisture sensitivity, and oxidation issues of uncoated red phosphorus, enabling safe processing in polymer compounding lines. It produces very low smoke and minimal toxic gas emission during combustion.

fire retardant chemicals

Molybdenum Trioxide (MoO3) Smoke Suppressant

CAS: 1313-27-5

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is an inorganic smoke suppressant and flame retardant synergist used primarily in PVC and halogen-containing polymer formulations where reduction of toxic smoke and corrosive gas emissions is critical. It functions by catalyzing cross-linking reactions in the polymer char, retaining carbon in the condensed phase rather than releasing it as smoke particles. MoO3 is a high-performance alternative to zinc stannate in demanding smoke-critical applications such as offshore cables, naval vessels, and underground transit systems.

fire retardant chemicals

Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) Flame Retardant

CAS: 7722-76-1

Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) is a water-soluble nitrogen–phosphorus flame retardant used primarily for fire retarding wood, paper, textiles, and other cellulosic materials. Upon heating, it decomposes to release phosphoric acid (the char-forming catalyst) and ammonia (inert gas diluent), creating an effective intumescent barrier on the substrate surface. MAP is widely used in forestry wildfire suppressants, fire-retardant paint formulations, and industrial textile finishing.

fire retardant chemicals

Nanoclay Flame Retardant Additive (Organoclay)

Nanoclay flame retardant additive is an organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) designed for incorporation into polymer nanocomposites to reduce flammability and improve barrier properties. At low loadings (2–5%), exfoliated nanoclay platelets form a tortuous path network within the polymer matrix, significantly reducing mass loss rate, peak heat release rate (PHRR), and smoke generation during combustion. It acts synergistically with conventional FR systems to enable halogen reduction.

fire retardant chemicals

Nitrogen-Phosphorus Synergistic FR Complex

Nitrogen-phosphorus synergistic flame retardant complex is a proprietary blend or co-processed compound designed to maximize the synergistic interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus FR mechanisms in halogen-free polymer systems. The N:P ratio and molecular architecture are optimized to achieve the theoretical synergy maximum, where each element amplifies the other's flame inhibition efficacy. These complexes are formulated for specific polymer matrices including polyolefins, engineering thermoplastics, and intumescent coatings, allowing formulators to achieve target FR ratings at reduced total additive loading.

fire retardant chemicals

Organophosphorus Flame Retardant Emulsion for Textile

Aqueous emulsion form of the halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardant for viscose fiber and textile applications. Available at 20% and 40% solid content, the stable nano-emulsion (particle size ~450 nm) offers easier handling, accurate dosing, and uniform dispersion in spinning dopes or finishing baths compared to the solid grade. Shares the same active chemistry as the solid form — modified thiophosphate ester, APEO-free, halogen-free — delivering durable flame retardancy with no adverse effect on whiteness, dyeability, or downstream textile processing. Ideal for operations preferring liquid handling or requiring ready-to-use FR concentrate.

fire retardant chemicals

Organophosphorus Flame Retardant for Viscose Fiber (Solid)

Halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardant engineered specifically for viscose fiber (rayon) manufacturing. Supplied as a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 228–229°C, it integrates directly into the viscose spinning dope without requiring process adjustment. The product delivers durable flame retardancy that survives repeated laundering and stringent dry-cleaning conditions, making it the preferred choice for FR viscose yarns, nonwovens, and technical textiles. The modified thiophosphate ester chemistry is APEO-free and halogen-free, meeting EU REACH and OEKO-TEX Standard 100 requirements. Low pyridine content (<30 ppm) ensures minimal odor and minimal impact on the whiteness and light stability of finished fabrics. Compatible with standard viscose wet-spinning and downstream dyeing processes.

fire retardant chemicals

Pentaerythritol (PER) Flame Retardant Grade

CAS: 115-77-5

Pentaerythritol (PER) flame retardant grade is a high-purity polyol specifically used as the carbonific (carbon-forming) component of intumescent flame retardant systems for coatings, polyolefins, and thermoplastic composites. It reacts with the acid source (typically ammonium polyphosphate) upon decomposition to produce a cross-linked, thermally insulating char. High-purity FR grade PER with minimized mono-PE content is preferred for consistent char formation and coating film integrity in demanding fireproofing applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Pentaerythritol Intumescent Char-Forming Additive

CAS: 115-77-5

Pentaerythritol used as the carbon source component in intumescent coating (IFR) systems, working synergistically with ammonium polyphosphate (acid source) and melamine (gas source) to form a dense, insulating char on steel and wood surfaces when exposed to heat. As the carbonific component, pentaerythritol provides the polyhydroxy substrate that reacts with phosphoric acid to create the stable intumescent char network. It is the standard carbon source in the classic APP/PER/MEL ternary intumescent system used in structural steel fireproofing coatings.

fire retardant chemicals

Phosphoric Acid Flame Retardant Grade

CAS: 7664-38-2

Flame retardant grade phosphoric acid is a high-purity orthophosphoric acid used as an acid catalyst and carbon-source activator in intumescent coating systems, wood fire retardant treatments, and cotton textile finishing. It reacts with polyols and nitrogenous compounds at elevated temperatures to form a dense phosphate char that insulates the substrate from heat. Industrial 75–85% concentrations are commonly used for direct treatment of cellulosic materials or as a feedstock for manufacturing ammonium phosphate salts.

fire retardant chemicals

Phosphorylated Pentaerythritol Reactive FR Polyol

Phosphorylated pentaerythritol is a reactive multifunctional phosphorus-containing polyol that combines the carbon source and acid source functionalities into a single molecule, simplifying intumescent system formulation and improving IFR efficiency. It is produced by reacting pentaerythritol with phosphoric acid or phosphorus oxychloride, yielding a product with both residual hydroxyl groups and covalently bound phosphorus. This dual-function molecule is used in reactive polyurethane foam systems, intumescent coatings, and halogen-free polyolefin FR applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Poly(piperazine phosphonate) Flame Retardant

Poly(piperazine phosphonate) is a polymeric nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant that combines the char-promoting condensed-phase action of phosphorus with the gas-diluting effect of nitrogen in a single macromolecular structure. Its polymeric nature results in low volatility, non-migration, and excellent thermal stability, making it suitable for high-temperature polymer processing. It provides effective flame retardancy in polyamides, polyesters, and halogen-free cable compounds.

fire retardant chemicals

Resorcinol Bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP)

CAS: 125997-21-9

Resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) is a non-halogen, oligomeric aryl phosphate ester flame retardant widely used in PC/ABS and PC/PBT engineering plastic blends. Its higher molecular weight and oligomeric structure compared to monomeric phosphate esters result in significantly reduced volatility, migration, and hydrolytic sensitivity. RDP effectively achieves UL94 V-0 at 10–15% loading in PC/ABS while maintaining the good impact performance and dimensional stability demanded by electronics applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Silicone Flame Retardant Additive

Silicone flame retardant additive is a polysiloxane-based compound that functions in the condensed phase by promoting formation of a cohesive, ceramic-like silica char layer during combustion. Unlike halogen or phosphorus-based FRs, silicone additives reduce heat release rate and smoke production while maintaining excellent electrical insulation and mechanical properties. They are particularly valued in high-performance engineering plastics and wire and cable applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Synergistic Intumescent Polyol Charring Agent Blend

Synergistic intumescent polyol charring agent blend is a pre-optimized mixture of pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and/or sorbitol co-carbonific agents formulated to deliver superior char yield, cohesion, and thermal stability versus single-component carbon sources. The blend ratio is engineered to provide a broad decomposition temperature window that matches the acid source release profile, ensuring synchronized IFR activation. These blends reduce formulation complexity for coating and polymer compound manufacturers and are offered in grades optimized for waterborne, solvent-borne, and polymer compounding applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)

CAS: 79-94-7

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the world's highest-volume brominated flame retardant, used primarily as a reactive comonomer in epoxy resins for printed circuit board (PCB) FR-4 laminates and as an additive FR in ABS and HIPS. In epoxy systems, TBBPA is covalently incorporated into the polymer backbone via its phenolic OH groups, providing durable flame retardancy that does not leach or migrate. With 58.8% bromine content, it efficiently achieves UL94 V-0 in PCB and E&E applications when used with antimony trioxide synergist.

fire retardant chemicals

Tetrabromophthalic Anhydride (TBPA)

CAS: 632-79-1

Tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) is a reactive halogenated flame retardant that can be chemically incorporated into polyester, polyurethane, and epoxy resin systems. With approximately 68% bromine content, TBPA reacts through its anhydride group to become part of the polymer backbone, delivering permanent, non-migratory flame retardancy. It is widely used in the production of flame-retardant polyols and alkyd resins.

fire retardant chemicals

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium Sulfate (THPS)

CAS: 124-64-1

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) is a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant and biocide widely used for durable flame retardant finishing of cotton and cotton-blend textiles. It forms a cross-linked three-dimensional phosphorus network within cellulose fiber upon curing, providing wash-durable flame retardancy that withstands 50+ industrial launderings. THPS-treated fabrics meet EN ISO 15025, EN 11611, and NFPA 701 standards required for protective workwear.

fire retardant chemicals

Tricalcium Phosphate (Flame Retardant Grade)

CAS: 7758-87-4

Tricalcium phosphate flame retardant grade is an inorganic mineral filler that functions as a halogen-free, phosphorus-based flame retardant and smoke suppressant in polymer applications. It acts in the condensed phase by catalyzing char formation and releasing phosphate species that cross-link the char layer, improving its integrity and heat shielding efficiency. When combined with intumescent systems or metal hydroxides, it provides synergistic smoke suppression and enhanced flame retardancy.

fire retardant chemicals

Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP) Flame Retardant Grade

CAS: 1330-78-5

Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) flame retardant grade is an aryl phosphate ester plasticizer and flame retardant for PVC, rubber, and vinyl compounds where simultaneous plasticization and fire retardancy are required. Its aromatic structure imparts superior thermal stability and low volatility compared to aliphatic phosphate plasticizers, making it suitable for high-temperature processing applications. TCP acts in both gas-phase and condensed-phase modes, reducing heat release and forming a stable char layer on combustion.

fire retardant chemicals

Triethyl Phosphate (TEP) Flame Retardant Plasticizer

CAS: 78-40-0

Triethyl phosphate (TEP) is a low-viscosity organophosphorus ester that functions as both a flame retardant and a plasticizer for cellulose acetate, polyurethane foams, and unsaturated polyesters. Its high phosphorus content (18.9%) provides efficient flame retardancy at relatively low loading levels. TEP is also widely used as a reactive diluent in fire-suppression fluid formulations and as a catalyst in polyurethane synthesis. Its water miscibility makes it suitable for waterborne intumescent coating systems.

fire retardant chemicals

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate (TDCPP / TDCIPP)

CAS: 13674-87-8

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP, also known as TDCIPP) is a highly effective halogen-phosphorus flame retardant and plasticizer for flexible polyurethane foam, achieving excellent FR ratings at moderate loadings through the synergistic action of chlorine and phosphorus. It exhibits lower volatility and migration compared to TCEP, making it more suitable for open-cell foam furniture and mattress applications. Note: TDCPP has been added to California's Proposition 65 list and is under evaluation in multiple jurisdictions; buyers should verify applicable regulations.

fire retardant chemicals

Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) Phosphate (TCPP)

CAS: 13674-84-5

Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) is the world's highest-volume chlorinated organophosphate flame retardant, primarily used in flexible and rigid polyurethane foam. It achieves effective flame retardancy through dual halogen-phosphorus action and is accepted in many markets as a preferable alternative to TCEP and TDCPP due to its better regulatory profile. TCPP is a liquid that is fully miscible with polyols and easily incorporated at the standard 5–10 phr addition level in foam systems to pass FMVSS 302, Cal TB 117, and BS 5852 fire test requirements.

fire retardant chemicals

Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP)

CAS: 115-96-8

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a halogen-phosphorus synergistic flame retardant and plasticizer for flexible polyurethane foam, PVC, and resin systems. It provides high flame retardant efficiency through dual chlorine and phosphorus mechanisms at relatively low loading levels. TCEP is a clear liquid with good compatibility across a wide range of flexible foam and vinyl systems. Note: TCEP is classified as an SVHC under EU REACH due to reproductive toxicity concerns; users in regulated markets should evaluate alternative chlorinated or halogen-free FR options.

fire retardant chemicals

Zinc Borate (Firebrake ZB) Flame Retardant

CAS: 138265-88-0

Zinc borate (2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O, Firebrake ZB) is a multifunctional inorganic flame retardant, smoke suppressant, and afterglow suppressant used in halogenated and halogen-free polymer systems. It functions through endothermic dehydration, boron oxide glass-forming char promotion, and zinc ion Lewis acid catalysis. Zinc borate is widely used as a partial replacement for antimony trioxide in halogen systems, and as a synergist with ATH or MDH in halogen-free cable compounds, providing additional smoke suppression benefits.

fire retardant chemicals

Zinc Diethylphosphinate (ZnDEP)

CAS: 91723-15-8

Zinc diethylphosphinate (ZnDEP) is a halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardant synergist used in combination with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlDEP) or melamine polyphosphate (MPP) to enhance flame retardant performance in polyamide and polyester systems. The zinc cation acts as a Lewis acid catalyst that promotes char formation and viscosity increase in the condensed phase, preventing dripping and improving LOI. ZnDEP is also used as a sole FR agent in specific polyester and PP applications requiring moderate flame retardancy.

fire retardant chemicals

Zinc Stannate (ZnSnO3) Smoke Suppressant

CAS: 12036-37-2

Zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) is an inorganic smoke suppressant and char promoter used primarily in flexible and rigid PVC, rubber, and halogen-containing polymer systems. It suppresses smoke generation by catalyzing dehydrochlorination and cross-linking reactions that reduce volatile hydrocarbon emissions. Zinc stannate can partially replace antimony trioxide as a halogen synergist while simultaneously providing significant smoke reduction, making it valuable in applications requiring low smoke toxicity ratings such as mass transit vehicles and building wiring.