Battery / Energy Storage Chemicals

battery energy storage chemicals

1,3-Propane Sultone (1,3-PS) SEI Additive

CAS: 1120-71-4

1,3-Propane sultone (1,3-PS) is a ring-opening electrolyte additive that undergoes reductive decomposition on anodes to deposit a robust sulfonate-rich SEI, increasing cycle life and improving thermal stability of lithium-ion cells. Used at 1–3 wt%, it is compatible with major carbonate solvents and LiPF6 electrolytes.

battery energy storage chemicals

Acetylene Black Battery Grade (Shawinigan-Type)

CAS: 1333-86-4

Battery-grade acetylene black (AB) has a highly crystalline graphitic microstructure and high purity (>99.5% carbon) with very low ash and sulfur content, making it ideal for demanding battery electrode applications. Its good electrical conductivity and moderate surface area balance performance with slurry processability.

battery energy storage chemicals

Adiponitrile (ADN) High-Voltage Electrolyte Additive

CAS: 111-69-3

Adiponitrile (ADN) is a dinitrile electrolyte additive that stabilizes high-voltage cathodes (>4.5V) by coordinating with transition metal sites on NMC surfaces, forming a robust CEI that suppresses electrolyte oxidation. It is effective in next-generation 5V-class spinel and lithium-rich layered oxide systems.

battery energy storage chemicals

Alumina (Al2O3) Ceramic Separator Coating Powder

CAS: 1344-28-1

Battery-grade submicron alumina (Al2O3) powder is the most widely used ceramic coating material for lithium-ion battery separators, providing thermal shutdown resistance up to 200°C+, improved wettability with carbonate electrolytes, and enhanced mechanical puncture resistance. Alpha-alumina or boehmite-derived gamma-alumina grades are available.

battery energy storage chemicals

Boehmite (AlOOH) Separator Coating Powder

CAS: 1318-23-6

Boehmite (AlOOH) is a preferred ceramic material for aqueous-slurry separator coating processes, offering lower density than alpha-alumina, better dispersibility in water-based systems, and excellent adhesion on both PE and PP separator substrates. Upon heating it converts to gamma-alumina, providing thermal robustness required for battery safety.

battery energy storage chemicals

Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Anode Binder/Thickener

CAS: 9004-32-4

Battery-grade CMC sodium salt is used in combination with SBR as a thickener and binder for graphite and silicon-graphite anode aqueous slurries. It controls slurry rheology for uniform coating, and its carboxylate groups bond covalently to silicon particles during drying, helping to buffer volumetric expansion.

battery energy storage chemicals

Cobalt Sulfate Heptahydrate Battery Grade (CoSO4·7H2O)

CAS: 10124-43-3

Battery-grade cobalt sulfate heptahydrate (CoSO4·7H2O) is the primary cobalt source for NMC and NCA cathode precursor co-precipitation and for LiCoO2 (LCO) synthesis. Strict control of Ni, Fe, Zn, and Na trace impurities is required to prevent electrochemical performance degradation in the final cathode active material.

battery energy storage chemicals

Conductive Carbon Black Super C45 Battery Grade

CAS: 1333-86-4

Super C45 carbon black is a medium-surface-area (BET ~45 m²/g) conductive additive offering a balance of conductivity and electrolyte absorption in cathode slurries. Its lower oil absorption versus C65 reduces slurry viscosity, making it preferred for high-solid-loading electrode formulations and high-speed coating lines.

battery energy storage chemicals

Conductive Carbon Black Super C65 Battery Grade

CAS: 1333-86-4

Super C65 carbon black is a high-surface-area (BET ~62 m²/g), high-structure conductive additive widely used in NMC, NCA, LCO, and LFP cathode electrodes. Its branched particle network creates efficient electron conduction pathways at low loadings (1–3 wt%), improving rate capability and reducing ohmic resistance in lithium-ion battery electrodes.

battery energy storage chemicals

Diethyl Carbonate Battery Grade (DEC)

CAS: 105-58-8

Battery-grade diethyl carbonate (DEC) is a low-viscosity co-solvent used in EC/DEC electrolyte systems for standard cylindrical and prismatic lithium-ion cells. Its moderate boiling point (127°C) and low viscosity provide a balance of safety and ionic conductivity in commercial electrolyte blends.

battery energy storage chemicals

Dimethyl Carbonate Battery Grade (DMC)

CAS: 616-38-6

Battery-grade dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a low-viscosity, low-boiling co-solvent that reduces electrolyte viscosity and improves ionic mobility in lithium-ion cells. Used widely in EC/DMC binary and EC/DMC/EMC ternary electrolyte systems, it provides excellent compatibility with LiPF6 at battery-grade purity.

battery energy storage chemicals

Ethyl Methyl Carbonate Battery Grade (EMC)

CAS: 623-53-0

Battery-grade ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) combines the low viscosity of DMC and the moderate boiling point of DEC, making it the preferred co-solvent in EC/EMC and EC/DMC/EMC electrolyte systems for automotive and consumer Li-ion batteries. Its balanced properties support both high-rate and wide-temperature performance.

battery energy storage chemicals

Ethylene Carbonate Battery Grade (EC)

CAS: 96-49-1

Battery-grade ethylene carbonate (EC) is a high-boiling, high-dielectric co-solvent essential for dissolving LiPF6 and forming stable SEI layers on graphite anodes. Its superior solvation power and solid SEI-forming capability make it a foundational component in commercial lithium-ion electrolyte formulations.

battery energy storage chemicals

Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) SEI Additive

CAS: 114435-02-8

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is a high-performance film-forming electrolyte additive that dramatically improves cycle life and Coulombic efficiency of silicon and silicon-oxide anodes by forming a stable, fluorine-rich SEI layer. It is also widely used in lithium metal and NMC high-voltage electrolyte formulations.

battery energy storage chemicals

Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Battery Conductive Additive

CAS: 7782-42-5

Battery-grade graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are few-layer graphene structures offering a combination of 2D electron conduction, high in-plane conductivity, and mechanical reinforcement for battery electrodes. Used at 0.1–2 wt%, GNPs improve both the electronic and ionic transport within thick battery electrodes while reducing electrode sheet resistance.

battery energy storage chemicals

Iron Phosphate (FePO4) LFP Cathode Precursor

CAS: 7758-87-4

Battery-grade iron phosphate (FePO4) is the key precursor for LiFePO4 cathode synthesis, produced by co-precipitation of ferrous or ferric ions with phosphoric acid under controlled conditions. Ultra-low impurity levels, controlled particle size, and morphology directly determine the electrochemical performance of the final LFP cathode material.

battery energy storage chemicals

Ketjenblack EC-300J High-Structure Carbon Black

CAS: 1333-86-4

Ketjenblack EC-300J is an ultra-high-structure, hollow-shell carbon black with a very high BET surface area (~800 m²/g) and exceptional DBP absorption, enabling extremely low percolation thresholds in battery electrodes. It is used at ultra-low loadings (0.1–0.5 wt%) to achieve high conductivity with minimum binder displacement.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)

CAS: 171611-11-3

LiFSI is a next-generation electrolyte salt offering superior thermal stability, lower viscosity, and higher ionic conductivity compared to LiPF6, making it ideal for fast-charging and wide-temperature-range battery applications. Its hydrolysis resistance reduces HF generation, extending cell lifetime significantly.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)

CAS: 90076-65-6

LiTFSI is a thermally and chemically stable lithium salt widely used in solid-state electrolytes, gel polymer batteries, and lithium-sulfur systems. Its large, delocalized anion provides excellent ionic conductivity across a wide temperature range and superior resistance to moisture-induced degradation.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Carbonate Battery Grade

CAS: 554-13-2

Battery-grade lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) with purity ≥99.5% is a key precursor for synthesizing cathode active materials such as LCO, NMC, and LFP. Produced via controlled crystallization to achieve ultra-low impurity levels required by cell manufacturers. Suitable for both ternary and lithium iron phosphate battery production lines.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) Cathode Material LiCoO2

CAS: 12190-79-3

Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) is the original commercial cathode material, still dominant in consumer electronics (smartphones, laptops, tablets) due to its high volumetric energy density and flat discharge voltage. High-voltage LCO grades (4.45–4.50V) with surface coating deliver up to 180 mAh/g and extend cycle life.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Difluorophosphate (LiDFP) Electrolyte Additive

CAS: 24389-25-1

Lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is a multifunctional electrolyte additive that simultaneously improves both anode SEI quality and cathode surface stability, reducing impedance growth and extending calendar life. It is particularly effective in high-nickel NMC811 and silicon-containing cells at 0.5–2 wt% addition levels.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) Electrolyte Salt

CAS: 21324-40-3

Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is the dominant electrolyte salt for commercial lithium-ion batteries, delivering high ionic conductivity and broad electrochemical stability window. Supplied as anhydrous crystalline powder with strict HF and moisture control to protect cell performance and safety.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate Battery Grade

CAS: 1310-66-3

Battery-grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H2O, purity ≥56.5% LiOH) is the preferred lithium source for high-nickel NMC and NCA cathode synthesis, offering superior performance versus lithium carbonate at high Ni content. Strict control of Na, Fe, Ca, and Mg impurities ensures long-term cycle stability in EV battery packs.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Cathode Material LiFePO4

CAS: 15365-14-7

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) is the safest, most cycle-stable commercial cathode, with a flat 3.2V plateau, no oxygen release, and thermal stability above 400°C. Carbon-coated LFP is the cathode of choice for energy storage, e-buses, grid applications, and low-cost EV platforms prioritizing cycle life (>3000 cycles) over energy density.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) Spinel Cathode LiMn2O4

CAS: 1317-34-6

Lithium manganese oxide (LMO) spinel cathode material offers low cost, high thermal safety, and excellent rate capability due to its 3D lithium-ion diffusion pathways, making it suitable for hybrid EV, power tools, and blended NMC+LMO cathode formulations. Low cobalt and nickel content reduces material cost and supply chain exposure.

battery energy storage chemicals

Lithium Tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) Electrolyte Salt

CAS: 14283-07-9

Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) is an electrolyte salt valued for excellent low-temperature performance and stability in propylene carbonate-based systems, making it suitable for low-temperature and wide-voltage Li-ion applications. Its lower melting point versus LiPF6 facilitates dissolution in less polar solvents.

battery energy storage chemicals

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Conductive Additive

CAS: 308068-56-6

Battery-grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) form a 1D conductive network in battery electrodes that bridges isolated active material particles, significantly improving rate capability and cycle stability versus carbon black. Used as a single conductive agent or in combination with carbon black, typically at 0.1–1.0 wt%.

battery energy storage chemicals

NCA Cathode Material LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2

NCA cathode material LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 delivers high specific capacity (≥190 mAh/g) with excellent rate capability and long cycle life, making it the preferred cathode for Tesla-type cylindrical cell platforms. Aluminum substitution stabilizes the layered structure versus NMC811, improving thermal stability and calendar aging performance.

battery energy storage chemicals

NMC622 Cathode Active Material Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2

NMC622 cathode material delivers an excellent balance of high capacity (≥170 mAh/g), cycle stability, and thermal safety, making it a popular choice for EV, energy storage, and power tool applications. Its intermediate Ni content (60%) provides better structural stability and lower thermal reactivity versus NMC811, with capacity above NMC532.

battery energy storage chemicals

NMC811 Cathode Active Material Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2

NMC811 cathode material with composition Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 delivers the highest specific capacity (≥195 mAh/g) among commercial NMC grades, making it the leading cathode for high-energy-density EV batteries. Produced via co-precipitation and controlled sintering with lithium hydroxide, available in single-crystal and polycrystalline forms.

battery energy storage chemicals

Nano Silicon (Si) Anode Powder

CAS: 7440-21-3

Battery-grade nano silicon powder enables next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion anodes with theoretical capacity ~10× greater than graphite (3579 mAh/g). Carbon-coated or bare nano-Si is used as a blending agent with graphite (5–15 wt%) to increase cell energy density while managing volumetric expansion through nano-size engineering.

battery energy storage chemicals

Nickel Sulfate Hexahydrate Battery Grade (NiSO4·6H2O)

CAS: 10101-97-0

Battery-grade nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4·6H2O) is the primary nickel source for NMC and NCA cathode precursor (pNi-Co-Mn(OH)2) co-precipitation. Ultra-low impurity specifications (particularly Fe, Cr, Zn, and Na) are essential to ensure high-performance cathode active materials without electrochemical side effects.

battery energy storage chemicals

PVDF Binder NMP-Based (Cathode Grade)

CAS: 24937-79-9

NMP-soluble polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder is the industry standard for NMC, NCA, LCO, and LFP cathode slurry formulation, providing excellent adhesion to aluminum current collectors, chemical resistance to electrolyte solvents, and electrochemical stability up to 4.6V. High molecular weight grades offer superior cohesive strength in thick electrode coatings.

battery energy storage chemicals

PVDF Binder Water-Based (Aqueous Cathode Grade)

CAS: 24937-79-9

Water-based PVDF binder (PVDF latex/dispersion) eliminates NMP solvent and associated recovery systems, enabling greener cathode manufacturing with reduced capital cost and carbon footprint. Designed for LFP and NMC cathode aqueous slurry processes, it provides adhesion and electrochemical performance comparable to NMP-based PVDF.

battery energy storage chemicals

PVDF-HFP Separator Coating Material

PVDF-HFP (polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) separator coating is applied onto ceramic-coated or bare polyolefin separators to improve adhesion to electrode surfaces, reduce interface resistance, and enhance electrolyte retention. It is especially important in dry-stacking pouch cell manufacturing where separator-electrode adhesion is critical.

battery energy storage chemicals

Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Binder for Silicon Anode

CAS: 9003-01-4

Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a high-performance aqueous binder specifically developed for high-silicon-content (>10%) and pure silicon anodes, where its abundant carboxylic acid groups form strong covalent and hydrogen bonds with silicon oxide surface groups to maintain electrode integrity through severe volume cycling.

battery energy storage chemicals

Polyimide (PI) High-Temperature Anode Binder

CAS: 25036-53-7

Polyimide binder provides exceptional thermal stability (>300°C), outstanding mechanical strength, and excellent electrochemical stability for silicon, SiOx, and high-loading graphite anodes. It is processed from polyamic acid precursor in NMP solution and thermally imidized to form a robust, chemically resistant network that withstands repeated silicon expansion.

battery energy storage chemicals

Polypropylene (PP) Microporous Battery Separator

CAS: 9003-07-0

Polypropylene microporous separator is a critical safety and performance component in lithium-ion batteries, providing ionic transport through its porous structure while preventing electronic short circuits between cathode and anode. PP separators (or trilayer PP/PE/PP) are widely used in cylindrical and prismatic EV cells.

battery energy storage chemicals

Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PS) Electrolyte Additive

CAS: 1120-71-4

Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PS) is an SEI-forming electrolyte additive that generates a sulfonate-rich SEI layer on both graphite and silicon anodes, improving overcharge protection, cycle stability, and high-temperature performance. Used at 0.5–2 wt% in commercial electrolyte formulations for NMC and NCA cells.

battery energy storage chemicals

Propylene Carbonate Battery Grade (PC)

CAS: 108-32-7

Battery-grade propylene carbonate (PC) is a liquid co-solvent prized for its wide liquid range (-49°C to 242°C) and high dielectric constant, enabling excellent low-temperature electrolyte performance. It is used in lithium primary batteries, LiBF4-based systems, and as a plasticizer for gel polymer electrolytes.

battery energy storage chemicals

Silicon Oxide (SiOx) Anode Material

CAS: 10097-28-6

Silicon oxide (SiOx, x≈1) anode material balances the high capacity of silicon with improved cycle stability over nano-Si, because its SiO2 matrix partially absorbs volume changes and provides mechanical buffering. Pre-lithiated SiOx grades are available to offset the high first-cycle irreversible capacity loss.

battery energy storage chemicals

Spherical Natural Graphite Anode Material

CAS: 7782-42-5

Spherical natural graphite (SNG) anode material is produced by shaping and surface coating natural flake graphite to achieve high tap density, excellent cycle stability, and superior rate performance for lithium-ion battery anodes. It is the dominant commercial anode material for consumer and EV batteries, offering cost advantages over synthetic graphite.

battery energy storage chemicals

Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Anode Binder

CAS: 9003-55-8

SBR latex is the standard aqueous binder for graphite and silicon-graphite composite anodes in lithium-ion batteries, used in combination with CMC thickener. Its rubber-like elasticity accommodates volumetric changes during cycling, while the aqueous formulation avoids NMP solvent, reducing manufacturing cost and environmental impact.

battery energy storage chemicals

Succinonitrile (SN) Solid Electrolyte Additive

CAS: 110-61-2

Succinonitrile (SN) is a nitrile-based solid-state electrolyte additive and co-solvent that improves lithium-ion conductivity in solid polymer electrolytes and acts as a cathode-stabilizing additive in liquid electrolytes at elevated voltages. Its high dielectric constant facilitates lithium salt dissolution and reduces interfacial resistance.

battery energy storage chemicals

Synthetic Graphite Mesocarbon Microbead (MCMB) Anode

CAS: 7782-42-5

Mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) synthetic graphite anode material offers isotropic structure, excellent rate capability, and superior cycle stability compared to natural graphite, making it the preferred choice for high-power and high-cycle-life applications such as power tools, HEV, and aerospace batteries.

battery energy storage chemicals

Thermal Runaway Inhibitor (FR Electrolyte Additive)

Thermal runaway inhibitor (TRI) is a proprietary phosphorus/fluorine-containing flame-retardant electrolyte additive blend designed to interrupt the chain reaction during lithium-ion battery thermal runaway events, increasing the time-to-vent and reducing peak temperature and heat release rate. Suitable for grid-scale ESS and EV battery packs where thermal management is critical.

battery energy storage chemicals

Triethyl Phosphate (TEP) Flame-Retardant Electrolyte Additive

CAS: 78-40-0

Triethyl phosphate (TEP) is a phosphorus-containing flame-retardant co-solvent and additive for lithium-ion battery electrolytes, reducing flammability and improving thermal runaway resistance without severely compromising ionic conductivity. It is used in fire-safe electrolyte formulations for EV and grid-scale energy storage.

battery energy storage chemicals

Tris(trimethylsilyl) Phosphate (TTSP) Electrolyte Additive

CAS: 10497-05-9

TTSP is a silicon-containing multifunctional electrolyte additive that scavenges trace HF generated from LiPF6 hydrolysis, forms a protective CEI on NMC cathodes, and improves cycle stability at elevated temperatures. Used at 0.5–2 wt%, it is particularly effective in high-voltage (>4.3V) NMC811 and NCA systems.

battery energy storage chemicals

Vinylene Carbonate (VC) Film-Forming Additive

CAS: 872-36-6

Vinylene carbonate (VC) is the most widely used film-forming electrolyte additive for lithium-ion batteries, polymerizing preferentially on graphite and silicon anodes to build a compact, stable SEI that greatly reduces gas generation and improves cycle performance. Typical addition level is 0.5–3 wt% in the finished electrolyte.