Dye / Pigment Intermediates

dye pigment intermediates

1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone

CAS: 128-95-0

1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone is a vivid violet disperse dye intermediate and a key building block for solvent dyes used in plastics, waxes, and printing inks. Its extended chromophore system produces deep violet-blue hues with high extinction coefficients. As a disperse dye, it dyes polyester and cellulose acetate directly to brilliant violet shades with good sublimation fastness. Chemzip supplies this intermediate to dye and specialty ink manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene

CAS: 571-60-8

1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene is a naphthalenediol used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of vat dyes, particularly naphthalene-based quinone vat dyes that exhibit excellent lightfastness and wash fastness on cotton. It is also used in the preparation of anthraquinone derivatives and as a building block for organic semiconductor materials. Chemzip offers this specialty intermediate for high-performance vat dye and organic materials manufacturing.

dye pigment intermediates

1-Aminoanthraquinone

CAS: 82-45-1

1-Aminoanthraquinone is a key anthraquinone amine derivative used as an intermediate in the synthesis of disperse dyes for polyester and acetate fibers, as well as in the preparation of reactive anthraquinone dyes and vat dye intermediates. Its orange-red hue and strong absorption in the visible spectrum make it a valuable chromophore building block. Chemzip offers consistent-quality 1-aminoanthraquinone to disperse dye manufacturers worldwide.

dye pigment intermediates

2-Amino-4-Chlorophenol

CAS: 89-95-2

2-Amino-4-chlorophenol is a bifunctional aromatic compound containing both amino and hydroxyl groups, making it an excellent azo dye coupling component as well as a diazotizable intermediate. It is used to produce reactive and direct dyes with red, bordeaux, and brown shades exhibiting good wash fastness on cotton. Chemzip supplies this intermediate to specialty dye manufacturers worldwide.

dye pigment intermediates

2-Aminoanthraquinone

CAS: 117-79-3

2-Aminoanthraquinone is the 2-position isomer of aminoanthraquinone, serving as an intermediate for anthraquinone-based acid dyes and reactive dyes with blue and grey shades for protein and polyamide fibers. Its amino group at position 2 confers distinct electronic and steric properties compared to the 1-isomer, enabling different dye hue profiles. Chemzip supplies 2-aminoanthraquinone for specialty dye and organic pigment synthesis.

dye pigment intermediates

2G Acid (2-Naphthylamine-5,7-Disulfonic Acid)

CAS: 93-00-5

2G Acid (2-naphthylamine-5,7-disulfonic acid) is a disulfonated naphthalamine that functions as a diazo component in direct and reactive dye synthesis, primarily for blue, grey, and black shades on cotton. Its two sulfonic groups at positions 5 and 7 provide high water solubility and strong fiber affinity, producing dyes with excellent leveling and wash fastness properties. Chemzip supplies 2G Acid for complex multi-component dye formulations.

dye pigment intermediates

Alpha Copper Phthalocyanine (PB 15:1)

CAS: 147-14-8

Alpha copper phthalocyanine (Pigment Blue 15:1) is the reddish-blue phase of CuPc, stabilized with small amounts of phase-directing agents to prevent conversion to the beta polymorph. It is widely used in printing inks, particularly gravure and offset inks where a slightly reddish undertone in blue is desired. Chemzip supplies PB 15:1 in standardized grades suitable for waterborne and solventborne ink and coating systems.

dye pigment intermediates

Alpha-Naphthol (1-Naphthol)

CAS: 90-15-3

Alpha-naphthol (1-naphthol) is an isomeric phenolic compound used as a coupling component and building block in dye synthesis, pharmaceutical synthesis, and agrochemical production. As a dye intermediate, it provides different coupling selectivity and hue characteristics compared to beta-naphthol, enabling complementary shade ranges including violet and brown azo dyes. Chemzip supplies high-purity alpha-naphthol for industrial and specialty chemical applications.

dye pigment intermediates

Aniline

CAS: 62-53-3

Aniline is the fundamental aromatic amine intermediate used in the synthesis of azo dyes, reactive dyes, and a wide range of organic pigments. As a primary building block for the dye and pigment industry, it undergoes diazotization reactions to form diazonium salts that couple with various coupling components. Chemzip supplies industrial-grade aniline meeting strict purity specifications for dyestuff manufacturers worldwide.

dye pigment intermediates

Anthraquinone

CAS: 84-65-1

Anthraquinone is the parent compound and primary intermediate for a large family of vat dyes, reactive dyes, and disperse dyes based on the anthraquinonoid chromophore system. It is also used as a pulp cooking catalyst in the paper industry and as a starting material for the synthesis of amino- and hydroxy-anthraquinone derivatives. Chemzip offers technical-grade anthraquinone for dye and paper chemical manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

Azo Condensation Red (Pigment Red 144)

CAS: 5280-78-4

Azo Condensation Red (Pigment Red 144) is a disazo condensation pigment providing a bluish-red to pure red hue with significantly higher fastness properties than conventional diazo pigments, including excellent lightfastness, heat stability, and bleed resistance. It bridges the performance gap between standard azo reds and expensive polycyclic pigments, making it ideal for demanding automotive, industrial, and packaging applications. Chemzip supplies PR 144 to meet high-performance colorant requirements.

dye pigment intermediates

Benzimidazolone Yellow (Pigment Yellow 151)

CAS: 31837-42-0

Benzimidazolone Yellow (Pigment Yellow 151) is a monoazo benzimidazolone pigment with a greenish-yellow hue that combines the transparency of azo chemistry with the superior fastness of the benzimidazolone ring, offering exceptional lightfastness and heat stability. It is widely used in automotive, industrial, and printing ink applications that demand both color quality and long-term performance. Chemzip supplies PY 151 for premium coating and ink formulations.

dye pigment intermediates

Beta Copper Phthalocyanine (PB 15:3)

CAS: 147-14-8

Beta copper phthalocyanine (Pigment Blue 15:3) is the most widely used form of CuPc, offering a greenish-blue hue with outstanding transparency, high tinting strength, and excellent stability across virtually all application media. It is the standard cyan pigment in CMYK printing processes and a primary colorant in waterborne and solventborne paints, plastics, and inks. Chemzip supplies PB 15:3 in standard and high-transparency grades.

dye pigment intermediates

Beta-Naphthol (2-Naphthol)

CAS: 135-19-3

Beta-naphthol (2-naphthol) is a foundational phenolic coupling component used in the synthesis of a broad range of azo dyes, particularly naphthol-based textile dyes (Naphthol AS) that are padded onto cotton and then developed with a diazonium salt on-fabric. It is also used as a starting material for antioxidants, fungicides, and naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives. Chemzip provides industrial-grade beta-naphthol for dye and chemical manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

Catechol (1,2-Dihydroxybenzene)

CAS: 120-80-9

Catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) is an ortho-diphenol used as a dye intermediate in the synthesis of mordant dyes and as a reducing agent in photographic developer formulations. In the dye industry, it serves as a building block for anthraquinone-type dye precursors and metal-complex dyes that exploit catechol's strong chelating ability toward iron and other transition metals. Chemzip provides high-purity catechol for dye, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical synthesis.

dye pigment intermediates

Chicago Acid (8-Aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-Trisulfonic Acid)

CAS: 86-65-7

Chicago Acid is a trisulfonated naphthalamine intermediate with three sulfonic acid groups that impart exceptional water solubility and fiber affinity to the dyes derived from it. It is primarily used in the synthesis of highly water-soluble direct dyes for cotton and viscose printing with excellent leveling properties. Chemzip supplies Chicago Acid to direct dye and reactive dye manufacturers seeking superior solubility performance.

dye pigment intermediates

Chromium Oxide Green (Pigment Green 17)

CAS: 1308-38-9

Chromium Oxide Green (Cr2O3, Pigment Green 17) is an extremely durable, olive-green inorganic pigment known for its exceptional heat stability (up to 1000°C), outstanding lightfastness, and resistance to acids, alkalis, and solvents. It is widely used in camouflage coatings, roofing tiles, ceramics, glass, and high-temperature industrial applications. Chemzip supplies Cr2O3 pigment in standard and fine particle grades.

dye pigment intermediates

Cleve's Acid 6,4 (1-Naphthylamine-6-Sulfonic Acid)

CAS: 84-86-6

Cleve's Acid 6,4 is a naphthylamine monosulfonic acid used as a diazo component in the synthesis of direct and acid azo dyes with blue and navy shade ranges. The 6-position sulfonic group on the 1-naphthylamine skeleton directs specific coupling geometry that yields characteristic deep blue colorations with good wash and light fastness. Chemzip supplies this specialty intermediate for high-performance dye formulations.

dye pigment intermediates

Crude Copper Phthalocyanine (Crude CuPc)

CAS: 147-14-8

Crude copper phthalocyanine is the unfinished blue macrocyclic complex synthesized from phthalic anhydride, urea, copper salt, and a catalyst, before being subjected to any finishing or conditioning process. It is the primary intermediate used to produce PB 15:1 (alpha), PB 15:3 (beta), and PB 15:4 (epsilon) pigment grades through controlled solvent or salt milling treatment. Chemzip supplies crude CuPc to pigment finishers and integrated pigment manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

Dioxazine Violet (Pigment Violet 23)

CAS: 6358-30-1

Dioxazine Violet (Pigment Violet 23, carbazole dioxazine) is the most widely used high-performance violet organic pigment, offering an exceptionally bright, reddish-violet hue with outstanding lightfastness and transparency. Its high tinctorial strength makes it economical for shading blue and black systems, and its heat stability makes it suitable for high-temperature plastics processing. Chemzip supplies PV 23 in standard and reduced-aggregation grades.

dye pigment intermediates

Gamma-Acid (7-Amino-1-Naphthol-3-Sulfonic Acid)

CAS: 90-51-7

Gamma-Acid is a naphthalene sulfonic acid derivative used as a coupling component in the synthesis of direct, acid, and reactive azo dyes, primarily in yellow-green to green shade ranges. Its amino and hydroxyl groups at positions 7 and 1 provide a specific geometric arrangement that directs coupling toward characteristic greenish hues. Chemzip offers consistent-grade Gamma-Acid for textile dye manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

H-Acid (8-Amino-1-Naphthol-3,6-Disulfonic Acid)

CAS: 90-20-0

H-Acid is one of the most important naphthalene-based coupling components in the dye industry, used extensively in the synthesis of navy blue, black, and dark-shade reactive and direct azo dyes for cotton and wool. Its combination of amino, hydroxyl, and two sulfonic acid groups provides excellent coupling reactivity and contributes high wash fastness to finished dyes. Chemzip supplies H-Acid in both free acid and sodium salt forms to meet diverse formulation needs.

dye pigment intermediates

Iron Oxide Yellow (Pigment Yellow 42 / FeOOH)

CAS: 51274-00-1

Synthetic Iron Oxide Yellow (Pigment Yellow 42, alpha-FeOOH goethite) is a robust inorganic yellow pigment produced by the controlled precipitation and oxidation of ferrous salts, offering excellent lightfastness, acid and alkali resistance, and non-toxicity at competitive pricing. It is the most widely used yellow inorganic pigment in construction materials, architectural coatings, and concrete coloring. Chemzip supplies iron oxide yellow in standard, fine, and transparent grades.

dye pigment intermediates

Isoindolinone Yellow (Pigment Yellow 110)

CAS: 5045-40-9

Isoindolinone Yellow (Pigment Yellow 110) is a high-performance organic yellow pigment based on the isoindolinone heterocyclic system, providing a greenish-yellow to pure yellow hue with outstanding lightfastness, heat stability, and weather resistance. It meets the demanding fastness requirements of automotive, industrial, and high-quality architectural coatings. Chemzip supplies PY 110 in standard and transparent grades for premium colorant applications.

dye pigment intermediates

J-Acid (6-Amino-1-Naphthol-3-Sulfonic Acid)

CAS: 87-02-5

J-Acid is a key naphthalene-based coupling component used in the synthesis of red, bordeaux, and violet azo dyes for textile, leather, and paper applications. Unlike H-Acid, it carries only one sulfonic acid group, giving it different coupling selectivity and enabling dyes with distinct hue profiles. Chemzip supplies high-purity J-Acid to dye manufacturers seeking consistent quality for specialty color formulations.

dye pigment intermediates

K-Acid (8-Amino-1-Naphthol-5-Sulfonic Acid)

CAS: 119-40-4

K-Acid (8-amino-1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid) is a naphthalene-based dye intermediate used in the synthesis of azo dyes with red and bordeaux hues, particularly for chrome and metal-complex dye systems that exhibit excellent lightfastness on wool and leather. Its structural isomerism relative to H-Acid provides complementary reactivity for dye systems requiring high fastness to light and perspiration. Chemzip supplies K-Acid to specialty dye manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

Leuco-Indigo (Soluble Indigo / Indigo White)

CAS: 482-89-3

Leuco-indigo, also known as indigo white, is the reduced, soluble form of indigo obtained by treating indigo with a reducing agent such as sodium hydrosulfite in an alkaline vat. It is the actual dyeing species in traditional and modern indigo vat dyeing of denim, knit fabrics, and yarn, oxidizing back to insoluble blue indigo within the fiber upon air exposure. Chemzip supplies stabilized leuco-indigo preparations for continuous denim dyeing operations.

dye pigment intermediates

Lithopone (Zinc Sulfide / Barium Sulfate Blend)

CAS: 1345-05-7

Lithopone is a co-precipitated white pigment consisting of approximately 30% zinc sulfide (ZnS) and 70% barium sulfate (BaSO4), widely used as an economical white pigment and filler in interior paints, rubber, plastics, and paper coatings. While less opaque than TiO2, its combination of whiteness, low oil absorption, and inertness makes it a cost-effective partial TiO2 replacement and functional filler. Chemzip supplies standard and high-strength lithopone grades.

dye pigment intermediates

Meta-Nitroaniline (m-NA)

CAS: 99-09-2

Meta-nitroaniline (m-NA) serves as a versatile intermediate for yellow and greenish-yellow azo dyes, as well as a building block for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Its meta-substitution pattern allows coupling reactions that are difficult to achieve with para or ortho isomers, making it valuable for specialty dye formulations. Chemzip provides consistent-quality m-NA for dye and chemical manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

Meta-Phenylenediamine (MPD)

CAS: 108-45-2

Meta-phenylenediamine (MPD) is a difunctional aromatic amine used as a developer in oxidative dye systems, as an intermediate for direct and reactive dyes, and as a monomer for polyamide and polyimide polymers. Its meta-substitution provides distinct reactivity compared to the para isomer, enabling unique color formulations in hair dye and textile dye applications. Chemzip offers technical and refined grades with reliable batch-to-batch consistency.

dye pigment intermediates

Mixed Metal Oxide Nickel Rutile Brown Pigment

Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) Nickel Rutile Brown is a high-performance inorganic pigment produced by calcining a mixture of TiO2, nickel oxide, and antimony trioxide at high temperature to form a rutile crystal lattice in which Ni and Sb ions replace Ti ions, yielding a clean, warm brown hue. These MMO pigments offer extraordinary stability to heat, light, chemicals, and weathering, making them the preferred choice for demanding exterior, automotive, and high-temperature applications. Chemzip supplies MMO brown in standard and coarse grades.

dye pigment intermediates

Ortho-Nitroaniline (o-NA)

CAS: 88-74-4

Ortho-nitroaniline (o-NA) is an important aromatic amine intermediate primarily used in the synthesis of orange and red azo dyes and as a precursor for pesticide and pharmaceutical production. Its ortho-substitution pattern imparts unique coupling characteristics that yield vivid orange hues in reactive and direct dyes. Chemzip supplies high-purity o-NA meeting international dyestuff industry standards.

dye pigment intermediates

Ortho-Toluidine (o-Toluidine)

CAS: 95-53-4

Ortho-toluidine is an aromatic amine intermediate widely used in the synthesis of reactive dyes, especially turquoise and blue reactive dyes applied to cellulosic fibers. The methyl group at the ortho position imparts steric effects that influence coupling reactions and the resulting dye's fastness properties. Chemzip supplies technical-grade o-toluidine for reactive and azo dye manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

Para-Chloroaniline (p-CA)

CAS: 106-47-8

Para-chloroaniline is a halogenated aromatic amine that serves as a diazonium-forming component in the synthesis of fast, light-fast azo dyes for textiles, leather, and printing inks. The chloro substituent enhances the electron-withdrawing character, producing azo dyes with improved lightfastness compared to unsubstituted aniline derivatives. Chemzip provides high-purity p-CA to dye and pigment manufacturers globally.

dye pigment intermediates

Para-Nitroaniline (p-NA)

CAS: 100-01-6

Para-nitroaniline (p-NA) is a key diazo component in the manufacture of azo dyes, particularly fast yellow and orange dyes used in textiles, leather, and paper. It undergoes diazotization at low temperature and couples with naphthalenic and phenolic components to produce brilliant shades. Chemzip offers technical and refined grades to meet various manufacturing requirements.

dye pigment intermediates

Para-Phenylenediamine (PPD)

CAS: 106-50-3

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a critical aromatic diamine used extensively as an oxidative hair dye intermediate and as a bifunctional building block for high-performance azo dyes, engineering polymers, and rubber antiozonants. Its two amino groups enable unique dye structures including bis-azo dyes and reactive dyes with excellent wash fastness. Chemzip supplies PPD in technical and refined grades for the dye and cosmetic industries.

dye pigment intermediates

Perylene Maroon (Pigment Red 179)

CAS: 5521-31-3

Perylene Maroon (Pigment Red 179) is a high-performance perylene diimide pigment offering a deep maroon-red hue with outstanding lightfastness, heat stability, and chemical resistance in virtually all media. Its exceptional durability makes it the preferred red pigment in automotive coatings, high-temperature plastics, and industrial coatings requiring long-term exterior performance. Chemzip supplies PR 179 in standard and high-transparency grades.

dye pigment intermediates

Prussian Blue (Iron Blue Pigment)

CAS: 14038-43-8

Prussian Blue (Iron Blue, CI Pigment Blue 27) is a classic inorganic blue pigment based on iron (III) hexacyanoferrate (II), offering a deep, greenish-blue hue with high tinting strength and good alkali resistance when properly formulated. It is used in printing inks, architectural paints, laundry bluing, and artist paints. Chemzip supplies iron blue in standard and high-tinting-strength grades for ink and coating applications.

dye pigment intermediates

Quinacridone Red / Magenta (Pigment Violet 19)

CAS: 1047-16-1

Quinacridone Magenta (Pigment Violet 19, gamma phase) is a vivid bluish-red to magenta high-performance pigment derived from the quinacridone chromophore, offering exceptional lightfastness, bleed resistance, and heat stability. It is the primary magenta pigment in high-quality printing inks, automotive coatings, and fine arts applications. Chemzip provides this pigment in standardized grades for demanding color-critical applications.

dye pigment intermediates

Quinacridone Violet (Pigment Violet 19 / PR 122)

CAS: 980-26-7

Quinacridone Violet (PR 122 / PV 19 depending on crystal modification) is a high-performance organic pigment derived from the linear quinacridone chromophore, offering vivid violet-magenta hues with outstanding lightfastness, heat stability, and chemical resistance. It is widely used in automotive coatings, high-quality printing inks, and plastics where color durability is critical. Chemzip supplies quinacridone violet in both standard and transparent grades.

dye pigment intermediates

R-Acid (3-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoic Acid)

CAS: 148-75-4

R-Acid, also known as 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (BON acid), is a classic azo coupling component widely used in the production of fast, insoluble azo pigments and printing pastes for textiles and packaging. It couples with diazonium salts at the 1-position to yield high chroma red, orange, and maroon azo colors extensively used in offset and flexographic printing inks. Chemzip supplies R-Acid to pigment and ink manufacturers requiring consistent coupling performance.

dye pigment intermediates

Resorcinol (1,3-Dihydroxybenzene)

CAS: 108-46-3

Resorcinol is a dihydric phenol serving as a coupling component in the synthesis of fluorescent dyes (fluorescein, eosin), azo dyes, and as a key raw material for resorcinol-formaldehyde resin used in tire cord adhesion. In the dye and colorant industry, it enables the synthesis of brilliant yellow and orange fluorescent dyes used in highlighters, safety garments, and paper. Chemzip supplies technical-grade resorcinol for dyestuff and polymer applications.

dye pigment intermediates

Schaeffer's Acid (2-Naphthol-6-Sulfonic Acid)

CAS: 93-01-6

Schaeffer's Acid is a naphthol monosulfonic acid coupling component used in the synthesis of scarlet, red, and orange azo dyes for textile and leather applications. Its hydroxyl group at position 2 and sulfonic acid at position 6 create a coupling component that gives brilliant red shades with good dyeing affinity. Chemzip offers high-quality Schaeffer's Acid for azo dye producers seeking vivid red color formulations.

dye pigment intermediates

Sulfanilic Acid

CAS: 121-57-3

Sulfanilic acid (4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) is a water-soluble aromatic amino sulfonic acid that serves as both a diazo component and coupling component in the manufacture of water-soluble direct, acid, and reactive azo dyes. Its sulfonic acid group imparts water solubility to the resulting dyes and improves affinity for protein and polyamide fibers. Chemzip offers industrial-grade sulfanilic acid with consistent quality for dye manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

Synthetic Indigo (Indigo Pure)

CAS: 482-89-3

Synthetic indigo is the industrially manufactured form of the classic blue vat dye, produced via the Heumann-Pfleger synthesis from aniline and chloroacetic acid. It is the dominant blue colorant for denim fabric worldwide, applied by vat dyeing to impart the characteristic fading behavior that defines denim aesthetics. Chemzip supplies synthetic indigo in granular and powder forms to denim mills, yarn dyers, and textile chemical distributors.

dye pigment intermediates

Thioindigo (Vat Red 41)

CAS: 522-75-8

Thioindigo is a sulfur-analogue of indigo in which the NH groups are replaced by sulfur atoms, producing a brilliant red vat dye with excellent lightfastness and chlorine fastness. It is used to dye cotton in vivid red shades that retain color depth after repeated washing and exposure to light. Chemzip supplies thioindigo for high-quality cotton dyeing and specialty pigment applications requiring outstanding durability.

dye pigment intermediates

Titanium Dioxide Anatase

CAS: 1317-70-0

Titanium Dioxide Anatase is the softer, more photoreactive crystal form of TiO2, providing excellent whiteness and brightness primarily in interior coatings, paper, fiber, and cosmetic applications where the higher photocatalytic activity of rutile is not required. Its finer crystal structure and lower abrasiveness make it suitable for paper delustering and textile fiber spinning applications. Chemzip supplies anatase TiO2 for paper, fiber, and specialty coating manufacturers.

dye pigment intermediates

Titanium Dioxide Rutile R902 (Coating Grade)

CAS: 13463-67-7

Titanium Dioxide Rutile R902 is a surface-treated, coating-grade rutile TiO2 pigment offering outstanding opacity, whiteness, and durability in waterborne and solventborne paints, coatings, and plastics. Its silica-alumina surface treatment enhances durability, dispersibility, and chalk resistance in exterior architectural coatings. Chemzip supplies R902-equivalent TiO2 with consistent quality to paint manufacturers and formulators worldwide.

dye pigment intermediates

Tobias Acid (2-Naphthylamine-1-Sulfonic Acid)

CAS: 81-16-3

Tobias Acid is a naphthalene aminosulfonic acid used as a diazo component in the production of azo dyes for textiles, particularly direct dyes and acid dyes with blue and violet shade ranges. It reacts under diazotization conditions and couples with various hydroxyl and amino components to yield fast-color dyes. Chemzip provides industrial-grade Tobias Acid with consistent sulfonic acid content.

dye pigment intermediates

Ultramarine Blue Pigment

CAS: 57455-37-5

Synthetic Ultramarine Blue (CI Pigment Blue 29) is a complex sodium aluminosulfosilicate pigment produced by calcining a mixture of kaolin, sodium sulfate, soda ash, sulfur, and reducing agents at high temperature to yield the characteristic reddish-violet to blue chromophore. It offers outstanding lightfastness, heat stability, and non-toxicity, widely used in architectural paints, plastics, printing inks, and laundry products. Chemzip supplies ultramarine blue in standard and fine grades.