fire retardant chemicals

Aluminum Diethylphosphinate (AlDEP / DEPAL)

CAS: 225789-38-8

Aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlDEP, also known as DEPAL) is a high-efficiency, halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardant specifically designed for glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide (PA6, PA66) and polyester (PBT, PET) compounds. It acts in both the gas phase (via diethylphosphinic acid release) and the condensed phase (via char promotion), achieving UL94 V-0 at 10–20% loading in GF-PA systems. AlDEP is the benchmark halogen-free FR for the electrical and electronics (E&E) industry in engineering thermoplastics.

fire retardant chemicals

Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH) Flame Retardant

CAS: 21645-51-2

Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) is the world's highest-volume inorganic flame retardant and smoke suppressant, functioning by endothermic decomposition that absorbs heat and releases water vapor to dilute combustible gases. It provides simultaneous flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and halogen-free compliance, making it the preferred choice for wire and cable insulation, thermosetting resins, and rubber compounds. ATH is available in a range of particle sizes and surface treatments to suit specific polymer matrices.

fire retardant chemicals

Aluminum Phosphate (AlPO4) Ceramic Flame Retardant

CAS: 7784-30-7

Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) is an inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant filler that promotes ceramicization of polymers at high fire temperatures, forming a rigid aluminum phosphate ceramic layer that provides structural integrity and thermal barrier protection. This ceramicization mechanism is particularly effective in cable compounds, where maintaining circuit integrity during fire is critical. AlPO4 is used in combination with other inorganic FR additives such as ATH, MDH, and zinc borate in halogen-free cable compounds targeting IEC 60331 fire-resistance performance.

fire retardant chemicals

Ammonium Phosphate Monobasic (Flame Retardant Grade)

CAS: 7722-76-1

Ammonium phosphate monobasic (MAP) flame retardant grade is an inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen compound used in fire-retardant treatments for cellulosic materials, wood, and paper. It acts by forming a phosphate ester with cellulose hydroxyl groups upon heating, catalyzing dehydration and char formation rather than volatile flammable pyrolysis products. MAP is a key component in aqueous fire-retardant impregnation solutions and intumescent coatings.

fire retardant chemicals

Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) Phase I

CAS: 68333-79-9

Ammonium polyphosphate Phase I (APP I) is a lower-polymerization-degree, water-soluble intumescent flame retardant suited for textile backcoating, paper treatment, and aqueous formulations. With a polymerization degree of approximately 10–100, it dissolves readily in water, enabling straightforward incorporation into waterborne systems. APP I releases phosphoric acid and ammonia upon heating, creating an efficient char-forming mechanism for cellulosic substrates.

fire retardant chemicals

Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) Phase II

CAS: 68333-79-9

Ammonium polyphosphate Phase II (APP II) is a high-degree-of-polymerization, water-insoluble intumescent flame retardant widely used in coatings, adhesives, and polymer systems. With a polymerization degree exceeding 1000, it delivers superior humidity resistance and long-term durability compared to Phase I grades. APP II acts simultaneously as an acid source and blowing agent in intumescent systems, forming a protective char layer that suppresses flame spread.

fire retardant chemicals

Antimony Pentoxide (ATO) Nanoparticle Synergist

CAS: 1314-60-9

Antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5, ATO) is a halogen synergist available as a colloidal nanoparticle dispersion or micronized powder, used to enhance the effectiveness of brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in transparent films, PET, and textile coatings. Its nanoparticle form allows incorporation without significant hazing in transparent applications where coarser Sb2O3 would impair optical clarity. ATO colloidal dispersions are particularly used in transparent PET film, textile back-coatings, and paper coatings requiring halogen FR synergism.

fire retardant chemicals

Antimony Trioxide (Sb2O3) Flame Retardant Synergist

CAS: 1309-64-4

Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) is the dominant inorganic synergist used in combination with halogenated flame retardants to dramatically enhance their effectiveness. In the gas phase, it reacts with HBr/HCl from decomposing halogen FRs to form antimony halides and oxyhalides that are highly effective radical chain scavengers. A typical 3:1 (halogen FR : Sb2O3) loading synergistically achieves UL94 V-0 ratings that neither component could reach alone. Sb2O3 is essential in PVC, HIPS, ABS, polyester, and rubber compounds using brominated or chlorinated FRs.

fire retardant chemicals

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP)

CAS: 26040-51-7

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) is a liquid brominated FR plasticizer used in flexible PVC, polyurethane foams, and textile coatings where simultaneous flame retardancy and flexibility are required. Its liquid form and compatibility with PVC and polyurethane make it easy to incorporate without additional processing steps. BEH-TEBP provides moderate flame retardancy supplemented by antimony oxide synergist and is valued for its dual function as a plasticizer-flame retardant.

fire retardant chemicals

Bis(neopentyl glycol) Phosphonate Flame Retardant

CAS: 5301-78-0

Bis(neopentyl glycol) phosphonate is a cyclic organophosphorus flame retardant known for its high phosphorus content, low volatility, and excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability. Its bicyclic structure restricts conformational flexibility, imparting outstanding resistance to hydrolysis under humid conditions. It is used as an additive or reactive flame retardant in polyurethanes, coatings, and cellulosic substrate treatments where long-term performance is required.

fire retardant chemicals

Bisphenol A Bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP)

CAS: 181028-79-5

Bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) is a halogen-free, high-molecular-weight aryl phosphate oligomer flame retardant designed for engineering thermoplastics requiring heat resistance and flame retardancy. BDP has lower volatility and plasticization effect than RDP, making it preferred in high-heat PC-rich blends, PPO/HIPS alloys, and PBT/PC systems. Its aromatic backbone stabilizes the polymer under continuous service at elevated temperatures while providing UL94 V-0 performance.

fire retardant chemicals

Boron Phosphate (BPO4) Flame Retardant Synergist

CAS: 13308-51-5

Boron phosphate (BPO4) is a high-temperature-stable inorganic flame retardant synergist that combines the char-forming and vitrifying properties of boron with the acid-source activity of phosphate. At fire temperatures, BPO4 decomposes to form a boron-phosphorus oxide glass that acts as a viscous barrier coating over the polymer surface, suppressing fuel release and combustion. It is used in high-temperature ceramic-forming cable systems, specialty coatings, and as a co-synergist with aluminum phosphate or zinc borate in demanding fire-resistance applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Brominated Epoxy Resin Flame Retardant

CAS: 68928-70-1

Brominated epoxy resin (BER) is a high-bromine-content reactive and additive flame retardant used in epoxy laminates, adhesives, and thermoplastics. Based on brominated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether oligomers, it integrates into the epoxy cure cycle, providing durable, non-migratory flame retardancy. BER is widely used in PCB epoxy systems, HIPS, and polyester as either a reactive component (with epoxy systems) or an additive (with thermoplastics), offering an intermediate approach between fully reactive TBBPA and additive halogen FRs.

fire retardant chemicals

Cresyl Diphenyl Phosphate (CDP)

CAS: 26444-49-5

Cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP) is an aryl phosphate ester flame retardant and plasticizer offering a balance between the plasticizing efficiency of alkyl phosphates and the thermal stability of fully aryl phosphates. It is used in flexible PVC, polyurethane, and cellulose ester compounds where a secondary plasticizer with FR properties is needed. CDP's mixed aryl structure provides lower viscosity than tricresyl phosphate while maintaining good hydrolytic stability and thermal performance.

fire retardant chemicals

Cyclic Phosphonate Flame Retardant

Cyclic phosphonate flame retardant is a class of organophosphorus compounds featuring a cyclic backbone structure that provides enhanced thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance compared to linear phosphonate esters. These compounds act in both the condensed and gas phase, promoting char formation while releasing phosphorus radical species that interrupt combustion chain reactions. They are valued in waterborne coatings and textile finishing for their low volatility and compatibility.

fire retardant chemicals

DOPO (9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide)

CAS: 35455-29-9

DOPO is a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant widely used as a building block for halogen-free fire-retardant polymers and epoxy systems. Its P–H active group allows covalent bonding into epoxy resins, polyesters, and polyurethanes, providing durable flame retardancy without migration or leaching. DOPO-based systems meet stringent UL 94 V-0 ratings in printed circuit boards and electronic encapsulants.

fire retardant chemicals

DOPO (9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide)

CAS: 35455-29-9

DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide) is the key reactive phosphorus intermediate used to synthesize a broad family of halogen-free flame retardants for epoxy resins, polyesters, and vinyl ester resins. Its reactive P–H bond allows covalent incorporation into epoxy hardeners, novolacs, and vinyl ester backbones, providing permanent non-leachable flame retardancy. DOPO-based FR systems are the dominant approach in halogen-free printed circuit board (PCB) and copper clad laminate (CCL) manufacturing.

fire retardant chemicals

DOPO-HQ (2-(6-Oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)hydroquinone)

CAS: 98006-68-5

DOPO-HQ is a solid, reactive halogen-free flame retardant derived from the addition of DOPO to benzoquinone, offering two reactive hydroxyl groups for covalent incorporation into epoxy resin networks as a co-curing agent. It provides excellent flame retardancy at low phosphorus loadings (0.8–1.5% P content in cured system) while maintaining high glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability required for high-reliability PCB laminates. DOPO-HQ is widely specified in Halogen-Free CCL products meeting IEC 61249-2-21 and IPC-4101E standards.

fire retardant chemicals

Decabromodiphenyl Ethane (DBDPE)

CAS: 84852-53-9

Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a high-bromine-content additive flame retardant used as a replacement for decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) in plastics and textiles. Containing approximately 82% bromine, it provides excellent flame retardancy through halogen radical chain-interruption in the gas phase. DBDPE exhibits superior thermal stability and UV resistance compared to DecaBDE, making it suitable for demanding engineering plastic applications.

fire retardant chemicals

Decabromodiphenyl Ether (Deca-BDE)

CAS: 1163-19-5

Decabromodiphenyl ether (Deca-BDE) is a highly brominated additive flame retardant with 83.3% bromine content, historically one of the most widely used halogenated FRs in high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), ABS, and nylon. It functions primarily in the gas phase by releasing HBr radicals that interrupt combustion chain reactions. Note: Deca-BDE is restricted under EU REACH SVHC and listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; buyers must verify applicable regional regulatory status before procurement.

fire retardant chemicals

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) Flame Retardant

CAS: 7783-28-0

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is a water-soluble, nitrogen–phosphorus flame retardant used for fire retarding cellulosic materials including wood, cotton, paper, and agricultural residues. It decomposes on heating to yield phosphoric acid and ammonia, creating an effective char-promoting and gas-diluting fire suppression mechanism. DAP is particularly valued in fire-retardant wood treatment, paper manufacturing, and as a component of dry chemical fire-fighting powders.

fire retardant chemicals

Diammonium Phosphate (Flame Retardant Grade)

CAS: 7783-28-0

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) flame retardant grade is an inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen salt widely used in fire-retardant treatments for wood, paper, and agricultural biomass. Its higher nitrogen content and alkaline decomposition characteristics complement monobasic ammonium phosphate in blended fire-retardant formulations. DAP releases ammonia and phosphoric acid upon heating, forming a phosphate ester char layer that retards pyrolysis and reduces flame spread.

fire retardant chemicals

Diethyl Ethylphosphonate (DEEP)

CAS: 78-38-6

Diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) is an organophosphonate liquid flame retardant and reactive diluent used in polyurethane foam and epoxy systems. Its phosphonate structure (P–C bond) provides superior hydrolytic stability over phosphate esters (P–O–C bond), making it particularly suitable for applications requiring long-term durability in humid environments. DEEP is valued for its low viscosity, good compatibility with polyols, and ability to function as both a physical FR additive and a reactive component in foam formulation.

fire retardant chemicals

Dimethyl Methylphosphonate (DMMP)

CAS: 756-79-6

Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is a highly efficient, water-miscible organophosphonate flame retardant used primarily in rigid polyurethane foam systems and as a fire suppression fluid component. With a phosphorus content of 25%, it delivers one of the highest phosphorus efficiencies among liquid phosphorus FR additives. DMMP acts predominantly in the gas phase, inhibiting radical chain reactions in the flame front, and is also used as a chemical warfare agent simulant in research and defense applications.