Polymer Synthesis Chemicals
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polymer synthesis chemicals
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid (AMPS)
CAS: 15214-89-8
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a strongly anionic, thermally stable functional monomer with a sulfonic acid group that remains ionized even at low pH. AMPS copolymers exhibit excellent temperature stability, salt tolerance, and hydrophilicity, making them critical in oilfield scale inhibitors, drilling fluids, superabsorbent polymers, and waterborne coatings.
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2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate
CAS: 103-11-7
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) is an ultra-soft acrylic monomer with a Tg of approximately -70°C, offering greater plasticization and tack than n-butyl acrylate. It is extensively used in high-performance pressure-sensitive adhesives, plastisol-free flexible coatings, and specialty elastomeric copolymers requiring excellent low-temperature flexibility.
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Acetoacetoxyethyl Methacrylate
CAS: 21282-97-3
Acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM) is a beta-ketoester functional monomer that introduces acetoacetate groups into acrylic polymers. The active methylene of the acetoacetate reacts with aldehydes, amines, isocyanates, and metal ions, providing versatile crosslinking options. AAEM-functional polymers are used in ambient-cure coatings, adhesives, and metal-complex pigment dispersions.
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Acrylamide Monomer
CAS: 79-06-1
Acrylamide (AM) is a water-soluble vinyl monomer used in the synthesis of polyacrylamide (PAM) and its copolymers, which are critical flocculants for water treatment, oil field chemicals, and paper retention aids. High-purity acrylamide solution (50% wt) is the standard commercial form. Handled with strict safety protocols due to its neurotoxicity.
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Acrylic Acid
CAS: 79-10-7
Acrylic acid is a key unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer used in the synthesis of polyacrylic acid, superabsorbent polymers, acrylic dispersions, and copolymers for coatings and adhesives. Its carboxyl group provides excellent adhesion, water solubility, and crosslinking capability. Available in glacial (neat) and aqueous solution grades.
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Acrylonitrile Monomer
CAS: 107-13-1
Acrylonitrile (AN) is a versatile vinyl monomer that provides hardness, chemical resistance, and polar character to copolymers. It is a core monomer in ABS, SAN, NBR rubber, and acrylic fiber (PAN) production. AN is also used to manufacture carbon fiber precursor PAN and as a co-monomer in specialty barrier resins.
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Adipic Acid
CAS: 124-04-9
Adipic acid (AA) is a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and the primary co-monomer with hexamethylene diamine for nylon 66 synthesis. It is also a key monomer for polyurethane polyester polyols, plasticizers (dioctyl adipate), and low-temperature performance polyesters. Adipic acid imparts flexibility and hydrolytic stability to polyester chains.
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Allyl Glycidyl Ether
CAS: 106-92-3
Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) is a bifunctional reactive monomer combining an allyl group for radical or metathesis polymerization with an epoxide group for crosslinking or ring-opening reactions. AGE is used to introduce crosslinkable epoxy functionality into silicone polymers, acrylic latexes, and natural rubber, and as a reactive modifier for epoxy resins.
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Ammonium Persulfate (APS)
CAS: 7727-54-0
Ammonium Persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) is the highest water-solubility persulfate salt, widely used as a redox initiator for emulsion polymerization of acrylic, VAE and SBR latexes, a microetchant for copper in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, and an oxidizer for semiconductor surface cleaning. Electronic-grade APS provides clean, controlled copper dissolution with smooth surface morphology and stable etch rates, critical for fine-line PCB and flexible circuit production. The highest activity among the three commercial persulfates makes APS preferred in low-temperature redox initiator systems and in applications demanding fast oxidation kinetics. Also used in hair bleaching boosters, SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, and as a strong oxidant in analytical chemistry.
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Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)
CAS: 78-67-1
Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is the most widely used azo free-radical initiator for vinyl polymerization in solution, suspension, and bulk processes. It decomposes at 60–80°C to generate isobutyronitrile radicals with no oxygen by-products, making it ideal for oxygen-sensitive formulations and polymerizations where peroxide-induced side reactions must be avoided.
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Benzoyl Peroxide
CAS: 94-36-0
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a thermally labile organic peroxide initiator that generates phenyl and benzoyloxy radicals upon decomposition between 70–100°C. It is the most common initiator for suspension polymerization, free-radical crosslinking of unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins, and vulcanization of silicone rubbers. Available in powder (75–78% active) and paste grades.
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Bisphenol A
CAS: 80-05-7
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the difunctional phenolic monomer for standard epoxy resins (DGEBA) and polycarbonate (PC) production. BPA reacts with epichlorohydrin to form diglycidyl ether of BPA, the most widely used epoxy resin. In polycarbonate synthesis, BPA undergoes interfacial phosgenation or transesterification with diphenyl carbonate.
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Butyl Acrylate
CAS: 141-32-2
n-Butyl acrylate (n-BA) is the most widely used soft acrylic monomer, providing flexibility, low Tg (approximately -54°C), and tackiness to copolymer systems. It is essential in waterborne emulsion polymers for architectural coatings, pressure-sensitive adhesives, and textile binders. The balance of reactivity, low Tg contribution, and cost-effectiveness makes it an industry standard.
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Caprolactam
CAS: 105-60-2
Caprolactam is the cyclic amide monomer for nylon 6 (polyamide 6) production via ring-opening polymerization. It is one of the highest-volume polymer monomers globally, used to manufacture nylon 6 fibers, engineering plastics, films, and coatings. Caprolactam is available in fiber-grade and engineering-grade purities with stringent color and water specifications.
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Diacetone Acrylamide
CAS: 2873-97-4
Diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) is a ketone-functional acrylic monomer that enables self-crosslinking of emulsion polymers when used with adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as the crosslinking agent. The ketone carbonyl reacts with hydrazide groups at room temperature to form hydrazone crosslinks, creating crosslinked latex films without thermal activation — ideal for ambient-cure waterborne coatings.
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Diallyl Phthalate
CAS: 131-17-9
Diallyl phthalate (DAP) is a bifunctional allyl monomer and crosslinker used in thermosetting DAP resins, fiberglass-filled molding compounds, and reactive plasticizers for PVC. DAP resins cure to highly crosslinked networks with excellent electrical insulation, heat resistance, and dimensional stability, making them critical in electronic and aerospace applications.
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Dicumyl Peroxide
CAS: 80-43-3
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is a dialkyl peroxide crosslinking agent and high-temperature initiator with a 10-hour half-life at 115°C. It is the most widely used peroxide for crosslinking polyethylene (XLPE), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR/EPDM), and silicone compounds. DCP produces cumyloxy radicals that abstract hydrogen from polymer chains to initiate crosslinking.
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Dimethyl Carbonate
CAS: 616-38-6
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a green, low-toxicity carbonate monomer and methylating/carbonylating reagent used in polycarbonate synthesis via melt transesterification with bisphenol A. DMC is also an important electrolyte solvent for lithium-ion batteries and a methoxycarbonylation reagent in pharmaceutical synthesis, increasingly replacing toxic methyl chloride and phosgene.
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Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride (DADMAC)
CAS: 7398-69-8
Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) is a cationic diallyl monomer that polymerizes via cyclo-addition to form poly-DADMAC, a permanent quaternary ammonium polycation. Poly-DADMAC is widely used as a coagulant for water treatment, retention aid in papermaking, and antistatic agent in textiles. DADMAC is supplied as an aqueous solution.
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Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate
CAS: 2867-47-2
Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) is a tertiary amine-functional methacrylic monomer used to produce cationic and pH-responsive polymers. Quaternized or protonated DMAEMA copolymers are widely used in hair care polymers, cationic flocculants, antimicrobial coatings, and gene delivery carriers.
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Diphenyl Carbonate
CAS: 102-09-0
Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) is the non-phosgene carbonylating monomer for melt-process polycarbonate production. In the Asahi Kasei DPC process, DPC reacts with bisphenol A under melt transesterification to produce optical-quality PC resin without any phosgene or solvent. DPC is produced from dimethyl carbonate and phenol, enabling a fully phosgene-free PC supply chain.
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Epichlorohydrin
CAS: 106-89-8
Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is the key monomer for epoxy resin synthesis, reacting with bisphenol A to produce diglycidyl ether of BPA (DGEBA). It is also used in the production of polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins, synthetic glycerol, and epoxy flame retardants. Bio-based ECH from glycerol is increasingly available as a renewable alternative.
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Ethylene Glycol
CAS: 107-21-1
Ethylene glycol (EG) is the primary diol monomer for PET polyester and a key raw material for polyurethane synthesis, polyester resins, and antifreeze. In polymer synthesis, EG reacts with terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate to produce PET, and serves as a chain extender or diol component in polyurethane and alkyd resin formulations.
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Glycidyl Methacrylate
CAS: 106-91-2
Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is an epoxy-functional methacrylic monomer that introduces reactive oxirane groups into polymer backbones. GMA-containing copolymers can be thermally or acid-crosslinked through epoxy ring-opening reactions, making them ideal for powder coating binders, reactive compatibilizers, and self-crosslinking latex systems.
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Hexamethylene Diamine
CAS: 124-09-4
Hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) is the diamine monomer for nylon 66 production and a versatile building block for polyurethane chain extenders, epoxy curing agents, and crosslinker synthesis. HMDA reacts with adipic acid to form nylon 66 salt, which is polymerized to produce nylon 66 fibers and engineering plastics with outstanding mechanical strength and thermal performance.
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Hydroxyethyl Acrylate
CAS: 818-61-1
Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is a hydroxyl-functional acrylic monomer that introduces pendant -OH groups into copolymer chains, enabling crosslinking with isocyanates, melamines, and other reactive curatives. It is widely used in two-component waterborne and solventborne coatings, radiation-curable systems, and polymer-supported catalyst applications.
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Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate
CAS: 27813-02-1
Hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) is a hydroxyl-functional methacrylic monomer that incorporates pendant hydroxyl groups with greater hydrophobicity than HEA. It is the preferred functional monomer for high-solids acrylic coatings, automotive refinish systems, and thermosetting powder coatings where controlled crosslink density and weather resistance are critical.
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Itaconic Acid
CAS: 97-65-4
Itaconic acid (IA) is a bio-based, bifunctional unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer produced by fermentation of sugars. It provides both vinyl polymerizability and two carboxyl groups for crosslinking, adhesion, and hydrophilicity enhancement. IA is an important green alternative to petrochemical monomers in SBR latex, acrylic emulsions, and superabsorbent polymers.
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Lysine Diisocyanate
CAS: 39932-60-0
Lysine diisocyanate (LDI) is a bio-based aliphatic diisocyanate derived from L-lysine, offering a renewable alternative to petrochemical isocyanates such as HDI. LDI-based polyurethanes are used in biomedical applications, biodegradable scaffold materials, and eco-label coatings due to their excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and aliphatic character providing UV stability.
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Maleic Anhydride
CAS: 108-31-6
Maleic anhydride (MAH) is a highly reactive electron-poor monomer used in alternating copolymerization, maleic anhydride grafting, and unsaturated polyester synthesis. It serves as a reactive handle for polymer functionalization through its anhydride group, which readily reacts with amines, alcohols, and epoxides for crosslinking and compatibilization.
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Methacrylic Acid
CAS: 79-41-4
Methacrylic acid (MAA) is an alpha-methyl substituted acrylic monomer offering improved thermal stability and glass transition compared to acrylic acid. It is widely used as a functional co-monomer in emulsion polymers, ion-exchange resins, and adhesive formulations to introduce acid groups for crosslinking and adhesion enhancement.
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Methyl Methacrylate
CAS: 80-62-6
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is the primary monomer for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a key hard monomer in acrylic coatings, adhesives, and emulsion polymers. Its homopolymer exhibits exceptional optical clarity, UV stability, and weatherability. MMA is used in both bulk cast sheet production and emulsion/solution copolymerization.
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N-Vinylpyrrolidone
CAS: 88-12-0
N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) is the monomer for polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and a versatile reactive diluent in UV-curable systems. PVP exhibits exceptional water solubility, biocompatibility, film-forming ability, and complexation capacity. NVP copolymers are used in pharmaceuticals, personal care, adhesives, and specialty coatings.
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Nonylphenol Ethoxylate NP-10
CAS: 9016-45-9
Nonylphenol ethoxylate NP-10 is a nonionic surfactant with 10 ethylene oxide units, widely used as a co-emulsifier and stabilizer in emulsion polymerization. It provides steric stabilization to latex particles, improving freeze-thaw and shear stability. Due to APEO environmental regulations, NP-10 is increasingly substituted by alkyl polyglucosides or alcohol ethoxylates in regulated markets.
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Pentaerythritol Triacrylate
CAS: 3524-68-3
Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) is a trifunctional acrylate crosslinker with a residual hydroxyl group that provides enhanced adhesion to polar substrates and compatibility with urethane acrylate oligomers. PETA is widely used in UV-curable hard coats for plastics, anti-scratch optical films, and high-crosslink-density ink formulations.
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Potassium Persulfate (KPS)
CAS: 7727-21-1
Potassium Persulfate (K2S2O8) is a high-purity, water-soluble peroxide salt primarily used as a thermal initiator in emulsion and suspension polymerization of acrylic, styrene, vinyl acetate, butadiene and acrylonitrile monomers. Its decomposition into sulfate radicals at 50-80 C provides controlled, reproducible initiation rates and yields polymers with low residual monomer and narrow molecular weight distribution. KPS is also used for desizing in textile finishing, as a depolymerization agent for starch and cellulose, and as a strong oxidant in analytical chemistry. Compared with ammonium persulfate, KPS is preferred where ammonium ions interfere with the final application (e.g., latex for paper coating).
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Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)
CAS: 151-21-3
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), also known as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is the benchmark anionic surfactant and emulsifier for emulsion polymerization. It stabilizes monomer droplets and latex particles through electrostatic repulsion, controlling particle size and latex stability. SDS is also a primary emulsifier in personal care, pharmaceuticals, and detergent formulations.
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Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate (SDBS)
CAS: 25155-30-0
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) is a branched-chain anionic surfactant and emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, offering improved electrolyte tolerance and foam stability compared to SDS. It is widely used as the primary or co-emulsifier in acrylic, styrene-acrylic, and vinyl ester emulsion polymers, providing robust particle stabilization under process pH and electrolyte conditions.
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Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate
CAS: 3039-83-6
Sodium vinyl sulfonate (SVS) is a water-soluble anionic functional monomer used to introduce sulfonate groups into polymer backbones. Sulfonate groups provide strong anionic charge, hydrophilicity, electrolyte tolerance, and enhanced latex colloidal stability. SVS is used as a co-monomer in emulsion polymerization, ion-exchange resin synthesis, and antistatic polymer coatings.
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Styrene Monomer
CAS: 100-42-5
Styrene monomer (vinylbenzene) is a fundamental building block for polystyrene, ABS, SBR rubber, and styrenic copolymers. It undergoes free-radical, anionic, and cationic polymerization to produce a wide range of commercial polymers. High-purity grades with controlled inhibitor levels are available for emulsion, suspension, and bulk polymerization processes.
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Terephthalic Acid (PTA)
CAS: 100-21-0
Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is the aromatic diacid monomer for PET (polyethylene terephthalate) production — the world's most widely manufactured polyester. PTA reacts with ethylene glycol to produce PET resin used in bottles, films, and fibers. High-purity PTA with extremely low 4-CBA content is required for fiber and bottle-grade PET applications.
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Tert-Butyl Peroxybenzoate
CAS: 614-45-9
Tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) is a high-temperature organic peroxide initiator with a 10-hour half-life temperature of 104°C, suited for bulk and high-temperature suspension polymerization, as well as crosslinking of polyethylene and rubber compounds. It produces benzoyloxy and tert-butoxy radicals and is often used in combination with AIBN or BPO for two-stage cure profiles.
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Thioglycolic Acid
CAS: 68-11-1
Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is a bifunctional thiol acid used as a chain transfer agent in acrylic and vinyl polymerization, and as the active ingredient in cold wave and depilatory formulations. In polymer synthesis, TGA introduces carboxyl-terminated chain ends that enhance colloidal stability and provide coupling sites for further functionalization.
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Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate
CAS: 15625-89-5
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) is a trifunctional acrylate crosslinker and reactive diluent widely used in UV/EB-curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. Its three acryloyl groups enable rapid network formation upon radical initiation, yielding hard, scratch-resistant, and solvent-resistant crosslinked films with excellent surface cure speed.
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Vinyl Acetate Monomer
CAS: 108-05-4
Vinyl acetate monomer (VAc) is the key monomer for polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) copolymer dispersions used in construction adhesives, interior paints, and paper coatings. It is also the precursor for polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) through saponification.
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Vinyl Chloride Monomer
CAS: 75-01-4
Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is the fundamental monomer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the world's third-largest volume thermoplastic. VCM is polymerized by suspension, emulsion, and bulk processes to produce PVC resins with diverse molecular weights and applications. Strict containment and safety infrastructure is required for handling this classified carcinogen.
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Vinylidene Chloride
CAS: 75-35-4
Vinylidene chloride (VDC) is the monomer for polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymers, which provide exceptional oxygen, water vapor, and flavor barrier properties. VDC copolymers with vinyl chloride or acrylates are used as barrier coatings for flexible food packaging, pharmaceutical blister films, and high-performance barrier films.
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n-Dodecyl Mercaptan (n-DDM)
CAS: 112-55-0
n-Dodecyl mercaptan (n-DDM) is the most widely used chain transfer agent in free-radical polymerization, employed to control molecular weight in emulsion and solution polymerization of styrene, acrylics, and SBR rubber. Its thiol group transfers a hydrogen radical to the growing polymer chain, terminating it and starting a new chain at the sulfur center.
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tert-Dodecyl Mercaptan (t-DDM)
CAS: 25103-58-6
tert-Dodecyl mercaptan (t-DDM) is a branched-chain thiol chain transfer agent with a higher chain transfer constant than n-DDM, allowing molecular weight control at lower dosing levels. Its branched structure increases the rate of chain transfer and is preferred in emulsion polymerization of styrene-butadiene, acrylics, and nitrile rubber where low residual CTA level is critical.
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